{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3085449182","doi":null,"title":"Cotton Agriculture and the Function of Gravel Mulch in the Northern Rio Grande","display_name":"Cotton Agriculture and the Function of Gravel Mulch in the Northern Rio Grande","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3085449182","mag":"3085449182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/636929","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636929","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636929","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Electronic Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636929","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056033076","display_name":"Nicholas V. Kessler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-6865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-6865"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Kessler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-6865","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056033076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13939","display_name":"Archaeology and Natural History","score":0.05400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13102","display_name":"Soil and Environmental Studies","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravel-mulch","display_name":"gravel mulch","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton-production","display_name":"cotton production","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tewa","display_name":"Tewa","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-rio-grande","display_name":"Northern Rio Grande","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-intensification","display_name":"agricultural intensification","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation","display_name":"irrigation","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-pollen","display_name":"fossil pollen","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-diversity","display_name":"crop diversity","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-american-monsoon","display_name":"North American monsoon","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monsoon-rainfall","display_name":"monsoon rainfall","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-economic-change","display_name":"socio-economic change","score":0.5099999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175092762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q549563","display_name":"Mulch","level":2,"score":0.7779533863067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5709080100059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.46053504943847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.4238255023956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.4223794639110565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38352811336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.3613685071468353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3046496510505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.29312026500701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.20890426635742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07485586404800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/636929","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636929","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636929","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Electronic Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:3085449182","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/636929/1/azu_etd_17732_sip1_m.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/636929","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636929","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636929","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Electronic Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310160","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085449182.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085449182.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":170,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36879535","https://openalex.org/W65645391","https://openalex.org/W116432489","https://openalex.org/W243145036","https://openalex.org/W589321734","https://openalex.org/W619331635","https://openalex.org/W633132091","https://openalex.org/W634387870","https://openalex.org/W652857743","https://openalex.org/W657038743","https://openalex.org/W769322372","https://openalex.org/W809177071","https://openalex.org/W818119674","https://openalex.org/W1410960427","https://openalex.org/W1487923163","https://openalex.org/W1507295398","https://openalex.org/W1509355088","https://openalex.org/W1529531755","https://openalex.org/W1531638269","https://openalex.org/W1578555785","https://openalex.org/W1585649341","https://openalex.org/W1591502003","https://openalex.org/W1704025854","https://openalex.org/W1857759585","https://openalex.org/W1860566312","https://openalex.org/W1947311777","https://openalex.org/W1947446340","https://openalex.org/W1965331287","https://openalex.org/W1966934977","https://openalex.org/W1967994293","https://openalex.org/W1969910140","https://openalex.org/W1972848030","https://openalex.org/W1973303260","https://openalex.org/W1974016231","https://openalex.org/W1976626349","https://openalex.org/W1978615674","https://openalex.org/W1981137112","https://openalex.org/W1981629499","https://openalex.org/W1981632933","https://openalex.org/W1986434243","https://openalex.org/W1986492031","https://openalex.org/W1989387183","https://openalex.org/W1990509981","https://openalex.org/W1990534459","https://openalex.org/W1990985228","https://openalex.org/W1991619963","https://openalex.org/W1992967615","https://openalex.org/W1994483467","https://openalex.org/W1994773691","https://openalex.org/W1994895416","https://openalex.org/W1995848841","https://openalex.org/W1998173242","https://openalex.org/W1999298214","https://openalex.org/W2002019497","https://openalex.org/W2002179733","https://openalex.org/W2002943322","https://openalex.org/W2003286925","https://openalex.org/W2003605263","https://openalex.org/W2007534787","https://openalex.org/W2010093673","https://openalex.org/W2012452983","https://openalex.org/W2013034229","https://openalex.org/W2016879789","https://openalex.org/W2017615033","https://openalex.org/W2017985141","https://openalex.org/W2019689250","https://openalex.org/W2019962486","https://openalex.org/W2021241519","https://openalex.org/W2024401106","https://openalex.org/W2030250057","https://openalex.org/W2032086472","https://openalex.org/W2033420593","https://openalex.org/W2035562193","https://openalex.org/W2037014795","https://openalex.org/W2042249015","https://openalex.org/W2047516436","https://openalex.org/W2048500526","https://openalex.org/W2052436493","https://openalex.org/W2053769525","https://openalex.org/W2053859809","https://openalex.org/W2054971980","https://openalex.org/W2057655761","https://openalex.org/W2061772455","https://openalex.org/W2062055984","https://openalex.org/W2065415548","https://openalex.org/W2066169419","https://openalex.org/W2066347815","https://openalex.org/W2066724122","https://openalex.org/W2067639653","https://openalex.org/W2068012570","https://openalex.org/W2070315815","https://openalex.org/W2071801011","https://openalex.org/W2079949023","https://openalex.org/W2082171076","https://openalex.org/W2083243337","https://openalex.org/W2083756040","https://openalex.org/W2085887712","https://openalex.org/W2087105362","https://openalex.org/W2088957268","https://openalex.org/W2089160027","https://openalex.org/W2090585514","https://openalex.org/W2092583077","https://openalex.org/W2094518353","https://openalex.org/W2098210165","https://openalex.org/W2098341261","https://openalex.org/W2098778850","https://openalex.org/W2099648436","https://openalex.org/W2102917363","https://openalex.org/W2104348412","https://openalex.org/W2107114502","https://openalex.org/W2109208318","https://openalex.org/W2109288784","https://openalex.org/W2110012718","https://openalex.org/W2111553366","https://openalex.org/W2113199494","https://openalex.org/W2126752455","https://openalex.org/W2129647661","https://openalex.org/W2131206648","https://openalex.org/W2132484323","https://openalex.org/W2136345273","https://openalex.org/W2136466067","https://openalex.org/W2137637027","https://openalex.org/W2137667764","https://openalex.org/W2138489106","https://openalex.org/W2143153358","https://openalex.org/W2146567560","https://openalex.org/W2148678813","https://openalex.org/W2149528541","https://openalex.org/W2149744451","https://openalex.org/W2164579017","https://openalex.org/W2165857906","https://openalex.org/W2170013673","https://openalex.org/W2175181696","https://openalex.org/W2188506105","https://openalex.org/W2200612295","https://openalex.org/W2210247810","https://openalex.org/W2214173862","https://openalex.org/W2239947418","https://openalex.org/W2286250368","https://openalex.org/W2316292209","https://openalex.org/W2320062902","https://openalex.org/W2326515316","https://openalex.org/W2326700642","https://openalex.org/W2328323105","https://openalex.org/W2334066853","https://openalex.org/W2396135843","https://openalex.org/W2400097669","https://openalex.org/W2427258525","https://openalex.org/W2467146859","https://openalex.org/W2468850622","https://openalex.org/W2475625985","https://openalex.org/W2489674421","https://openalex.org/W2495286813","https://openalex.org/W2524737025","https://openalex.org/W2526138178","https://openalex.org/W2593238916","https://openalex.org/W2601484535","https://openalex.org/W2610778016","https://openalex.org/W2735204248","https://openalex.org/W2756508444","https://openalex.org/W2763872891","https://openalex.org/W2767014453","https://openalex.org/W2792701424","https://openalex.org/W2797820906","https://openalex.org/W2889683696","https://openalex.org/W2902215825","https://openalex.org/W2905356468","https://openalex.org/W2991877551","https://openalex.org/W3029152148","https://openalex.org/W3133519949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285677262","https://openalex.org/W7131362361","https://openalex.org/W2942566980","https://openalex.org/W3126081128","https://openalex.org/W3165358712","https://openalex.org/W2497167291","https://openalex.org/W4388796711","https://openalex.org/W2495286813","https://openalex.org/W1582012170","https://openalex.org/W4405148546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,226],"site":[1],"of":[2,6,36,78,103,118,137,169,179,199,204,232,242,325,332,351,357,365,377],"Poshu\u2019Owingeh":[3,248],"was":[4,33,219,252],"one":[5,34],"several":[7],"ancestral":[8],"Tewa":[9,191,344],"villages":[10],"to":[11,58,84,111,132,146,165,184,196,234,289,300],"experience":[12],"rapid":[13,338],"growth":[14,32,340],"in":[15,22,116,149,172,189,207,229,239,260,280,306,341,369,379,400,406],"the":[16,74,79,92,101,119,134,167,190,202,208,220,230,240,261,281,297,302,322,330,333,342,349,358,363,375,380,407],"14th":[17],"and":[18,49,54,68,76,97,126,140,210,236,276,355,372,391,403],"15th":[19],"centuries":[20],"A.D.":[21],"northern":[23],"New":[24],"Mexico.":[25],"Recent":[26],"research":[27,90],"has":[28],"proposed":[29],"that":[30,217,285,296,386],"this":[31,59,370],"aspect":[35],"a":[37,106,237,397],"trend":[38],"characterized":[39],"by":[40,45,94,311,316],"nonlinear":[41],"socioeconomic":[42,205],"change":[43,148,402],"produced":[44],"increasing":[46],"population":[47,187,200,339,387],"size":[48,278],"connectivity.":[50],"Agriculture,":[51],"commodity":[52],"production,":[53],"exchange":[55,353],"are":[56,82,130,144,163],"fundamental":[57],"model,":[60],"but":[61],"direct":[62],"evidence":[63,99,267],"for":[64,73,100,268,321,329,374],"intensification":[65,350],"is":[66,182,194,309,346,384],"limited":[67],"no":[69,266],"empirical":[70],"data":[71],"exists":[72],"function":[75,102],"mechanics":[77,364],"technologies":[80],"which":[81],"supposed":[83],"have":[85,112],"supported":[86,113],"surplus":[87],"production.":[88],"This":[89,193],"addresses":[91],"problem":[93],"examining":[95],"paleobotanical":[96],"soil":[98,124,141,150,161],"gravel":[104,138,173,272,286,334],"mulch,":[105,139],"unique":[107],"agricultural":[108,160,366],"technology":[109,367],"hypothesized":[110],"cotton":[114,218,233,250,378],"agriculture":[115],"portions":[117],"Northern":[120,410],"Rio":[121,411],"Grande.":[122,412],"Physical":[123],"properties":[125],"base":[127],"cation":[128],"ratios":[129,275],"used":[131,164,183],"reconstruct":[133,185],"irrigation":[135],"effect":[136],"nutrient":[142],"levels":[143],"measured":[145],"assess":[147],"quality":[151],"associated":[152,270],"with":[153,271,348],"cultivation.":[154],"Fossil":[155,213],"pollen":[156,214],"assemblages":[157],"recovered":[158],"from":[159],"layers":[162],"determine":[166],"mix":[168],"crops":[170],"grown":[171,223],"mulch":[174,287],"fields.":[175],"A":[176,282],"spatial":[177,323],"database":[178],"archaeological":[180],"sites":[181,259],"Puebloan":[186],"dynamics":[188],"Basin.":[192],"compared":[195],"published":[197],"estimates":[198],"growth,":[201],"timing":[203],"developments":[206],"region,":[209],"climate":[211,389],"reconstructions.":[212],"concentrations":[215],"indicate":[216],"main":[221],"crop":[222],"at":[224,247],"Poshu\u2019Owingeh.":[225],"substantial":[227],"increase":[228],"ratio":[231],"maize":[235],"decrease":[238],"diversity":[241],"economic":[243,404],"wild":[244],"plant":[245],"taxa":[246],"suggest":[249,284],"cultivation":[251],"more":[253],"intensive":[254],"here":[255],"than":[256],"other":[257],"documented":[258,368],"region.":[262],"Soil":[263],"analysis":[264],"revealed":[265],"degradation":[269],"mulch.":[273],"Cation":[274],"particle":[277],"distribution":[279],"horizon":[283],"continues":[288],"enhance":[290],"subsurface":[291],"water":[292],"flux.":[293],"I":[294],"estimate":[295],"runoff":[298],"required":[299],"produce":[301],"sodium":[303],"leaching":[304],"observed":[305],"mulched":[307],"profiles":[308],"generated":[310,315],"relatively":[312],"intense":[313],"precipitation":[314],"monsoon":[317],"storms.":[318],"Peak":[319],"rates":[320],"expansion":[324,405],"farming":[326],"populations":[327],"responsible":[328],"construction":[331,394],"mulch-cotton":[335],"fields":[336],"follows":[337],"great":[343],"Basin,":[345],"coincident":[347],"regional":[352,381],"networks,":[354],"strengthening":[356],"North":[359],"American":[360],"Monsoon.":[361],"Given":[362],"study,":[371],"hypotheses":[373],"importance":[376],"economy;":[382],"it":[383],"concluded":[385],"dynamics,":[388],"change,":[390],"human":[392],"niche":[393],"interacted":[395],"played":[396],"significant":[398],"role":[399],"social":[401],"late":[408],"precontact":[409]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2020-09-21T00:00:00"}