{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3085100221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.30.6.13","title":"Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Square Metal Packed Duct with Different Boundary Heating","display_name":"Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Square Metal Packed Duct with Different Boundary Heating","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3085100221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.30.6.13","mag":"3085100221"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.30684/etj.30.6.13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.30.6.13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.30.6.13","pdf_url":"https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35542_6938c5542c86a78d40d91f8e22f6bbbc.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202959","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","issn_l":"1681-6900","issn":["1681-6900","2412-0758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319165","host_organization_name":"University of Technology, Iraq","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Technology, Iraq"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35542_6938c5542c86a78d40d91f8e22f6bbbc.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076817708","display_name":"Kifah H. Hilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7603-9248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7603-9248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171256487","display_name":"University of Technology - Iraq","ror":"https://ror.org/01w1ehb86","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kifah H. Hilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Technology / Baghdad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Technology / Baghdad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076817708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":"1082","last_page":"1107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12063","display_name":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","score":0.7943999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12063","display_name":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","score":0.7943999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":0.15549999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.044199999421834946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square-duct","display_name":"square duct","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-convection-heat-transfer","display_name":"forced convection heat transfer","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-drop","display_name":"pressure drop","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-factor","display_name":"friction factor","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nusselt-number","display_name":"Nusselt number","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-flux-boundary-conditions","display_name":"heat flux boundary conditions","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer-coefficient","display_name":"heat transfer coefficient","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-relationships","display_name":"empirical correlations","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-exchangers","display_name":"heat exchangers","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130230704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898280","display_name":"Nusselt number","level":4,"score":0.8799934387207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114088122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261069","display_name":"Pressure drop","level":2,"score":0.6724308729171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.6333143711090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.6206173300743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159188206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382","display_name":"Heat flux","level":3,"score":0.5882034301757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29700514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340","display_name":"Heat transfer coefficient","level":3,"score":0.5843554735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5575665235519409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5375421047210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.5328025817871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781212128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256181","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.4759221374988556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3302038908004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11473944783210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.10234349966049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.30684/etj.30.6.13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.30.6.13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.30.6.13","pdf_url":"https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35542_6938c5542c86a78d40d91f8e22f6bbbc.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202959","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","issn_l":"1681-6900","issn":["1681-6900","2412-0758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319165","host_organization_name":"University of Technology, Iraq","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Technology, Iraq"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e2a81404644433aa31c844347dc2403","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e2a81404644433aa31c844347dc2403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal, Vol 30, Iss 6, Pp 1082-1107 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.30684/etj.30.6.13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.30.6.13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.30.6.13","pdf_url":"https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_35542_6938c5542c86a78d40d91f8e22f6bbbc.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202959","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","issn_l":"1681-6900","issn":["1681-6900","2412-0758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319165","host_organization_name":"University of Technology, Iraq","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Technology, Iraq"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085100221.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085100221.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617293543","https://openalex.org/W1520308067","https://openalex.org/W1967143789","https://openalex.org/W2022855210","https://openalex.org/W2057257171","https://openalex.org/W2061021214","https://openalex.org/W2121555260","https://openalex.org/W2153342527","https://openalex.org/W2770749044","https://openalex.org/W2970398235","https://openalex.org/W6631114557","https://openalex.org/W6641321740","https://openalex.org/W7000930397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138814219","https://openalex.org/W2285323777","https://openalex.org/W2326213092","https://openalex.org/W2587577777","https://openalex.org/W4403852205","https://openalex.org/W2076437167","https://openalex.org/W2011974243","https://openalex.org/W2784189873","https://openalex.org/W1997985983","https://openalex.org/W2128621905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"experimental":[3],"results":[4],"of":[5,28,82,104,140],"forced":[6],"convection":[7],"heat":[8,52,66,83,100,109],"transfer":[9,53],"and":[10,39,50,60,78,102,135,152],"pressure":[11,58,153],"drop":[12,59,154],"across":[13],"(":[14,120],"12.5":[15,17],"*":[16,18],"100":[19],"cm":[20],")":[21,38,77,124],"square":[22],"packed":[23,115,141],"duct.":[24],"The":[25,45],"pad":[26],"made":[27],"forty-":[29],"eight":[30],"metallic":[31],"wrapping":[32],"coil":[33],"unit":[34],"with":[35],"(0.98":[36],"porosity":[37],"(26":[40],"W/m.\u00b0C":[41],"thermal":[42],"conductivity":[43],").":[44],"local":[46,51],"surface":[47,88,106,134,139],"duct":[48,87,105,116,142],"temperature":[49],"coefficient":[54],"distribution,":[55],"Nusselt":[56,94,112,150],"number,":[57,99,149],"friction":[61],"factor":[62],"were":[63],"measured":[64],"for":[65],"flux":[67,84,101,110],"(0.56":[68],"to":[69,75,108,118],"2.73":[70],"kW/m2)":[71],",Reynolds":[72],"number":[73,95,103,113,151],"(40339":[74],"54797":[76],"three":[79],"boundary":[80],"condition":[81],"imposed":[85],"on":[86],".":[89],"It":[90],"was":[91],"found":[92],"that":[93],"increases":[96],"as":[97],"Reynold":[98,148],"exposed":[107],"increases.":[111],"in":[114,156],"is":[117],"be":[119],"1.2":[121],",":[122],"1.19":[123],"times":[125],"higher":[126],"than":[127],"the":[128],"empty":[129],"ducts":[130],"at":[131],"heating":[132],"all":[133],"top":[136],"&":[137],"bottom":[138],"respectively.":[143],"Many":[144],"empirical":[145],"relation":[146],"between":[147],"obtained":[155],"this":[157],"study.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-07T09:17:50.787605","created_date":"2020-09-21T00:00:00"}