{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084589350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25796","title":"Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications","display_name":"Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084589350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25796","mag":"3084589350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pc.25796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156806727","display_name":"Polymer Composites","issn_l":"0272-8397","issn":["0272-8397","1548-0569"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Composites","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080999170","display_name":"Narendra Singh Chundawat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-8372","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-8372"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252731","display_name":"Bhupal Nobles University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qaf6z41","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252731"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narendra Singh Chundawat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002402405","display_name":"Bhavani Shanker Parmar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252731","display_name":"Bhupal Nobles University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qaf6z41","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252731"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhavani Shanker Parmar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India","Suresh Poddar Innovation Hub (SPIH), Balkrishna Industries Ltd. (BKT), Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suresh Poddar Innovation Hub (SPIH), Balkrishna Industries Ltd. (BKT), Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054625440","display_name":"Arup Saha Deuri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arup Saha Deuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suresh Poddar Innovation Hub (SPIH), Balkrishna Industries Ltd. (BKT), Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suresh Poddar Innovation Hub (SPIH), Balkrishna Industries Ltd. (BKT), Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018117177","display_name":"Dilip M. Vaidya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilip Vaidya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suresh Poddar Innovation Hub (SPIH), Balkrishna Industries Ltd. (BKT), Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suresh Poddar Innovation Hub (SPIH), Balkrishna Industries Ltd. (BKT), Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083998511","display_name":"Koushan Sineh Sepehr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-5808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-5808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127922","display_name":"Golestan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03mcx2558","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127922"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koushan Sineh Sepehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Goregan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Goregan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045441478","display_name":"Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3241-7460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3241-7460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252731","display_name":"Bhupal Nobles University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qaf6z41","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252731"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3241-7460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252731"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045441478"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252731"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63719199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"12","first_page":"5317","last_page":"5330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11672","display_name":"Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13171","display_name":"Polymer Science and PVC","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bromobutyl-rubber","display_name":"bromobutyl rubber","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tubeless-tires","display_name":"tubeless tires","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.779523491859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.7159196138381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198091228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19557","display_name":"Alkali metal","level":2,"score":0.5685287714004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51179264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188631","display_name":"Vulcanization","level":3,"score":0.5177818536758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.5093730688095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4747096598148346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207673951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303150","display_name":"Compounding","level":2,"score":0.43863701820373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543218039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660","display_name":"Magnesium","level":2,"score":0.42909127473831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3559001684188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.3188354969024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10852828621864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pc.25796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156806727","display_name":"Polymer Composites","issn_l":"0272-8397","issn":["0272-8397","1548-0569"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Composites","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533610131","https://openalex.org/W1968307751","https://openalex.org/W1994561192","https://openalex.org/W1998302133","https://openalex.org/W2008954426","https://openalex.org/W2043740683","https://openalex.org/W2054685836","https://openalex.org/W2082160745","https://openalex.org/W2083177670","https://openalex.org/W2132905138","https://openalex.org/W2141000277","https://openalex.org/W2282479239","https://openalex.org/W2313147897","https://openalex.org/W2313543637","https://openalex.org/W2735898521","https://openalex.org/W2736642702","https://openalex.org/W2743453404","https://openalex.org/W2765636340","https://openalex.org/W2769013504","https://openalex.org/W2777039890","https://openalex.org/W2786551090","https://openalex.org/W2791757091","https://openalex.org/W2890990835","https://openalex.org/W2899193059","https://openalex.org/W2948803519","https://openalex.org/W2969253980","https://openalex.org/W3004117117","https://openalex.org/W3023090870","https://openalex.org/W4236851980","https://openalex.org/W4243302792","https://openalex.org/W4253443545"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890990835","https://openalex.org/W4388344754","https://openalex.org/W3014433681","https://openalex.org/W2890202015","https://openalex.org/W2891205892","https://openalex.org/W2949873232","https://openalex.org/W3014451085","https://openalex.org/W7061466709","https://openalex.org/W4416820260","https://openalex.org/W2347021557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,17,183],"paper":[2],"reports":[3],"walnut":[4],"shell":[5],"ash":[6,27,60,109,123,150,171],"(WNS":[7],"ash)":[8],"a":[9,194],"sustainable":[10,18,196],"material":[11,19,184],"for":[12,119],"tubeless":[13],"inner":[14,73],"liner":[15,74],"application.":[16],"replaced":[20],"the":[21,107,190],"commercial":[22,43,82,136],"magnesium":[23],"oxide":[24],"(MgO).The":[25],"WNS":[26,59,97,108,122,149,170],"generated":[28],"at":[29,92,128,138,172],"550\u00b0C,":[30],"is":[31,176,185],"found":[32,91,155],"to":[33,101,132,178],"have":[34],"72%":[35],"alkali":[36,39,47,50,166],"metal":[37,48,164,168],"and":[38,49,76,104,151,160,165],"earth":[40,51,167],"metal,":[41],"whereas":[42],"MgO":[44,137,154],"shows":[45],"95%":[46],"metal.":[52],"It":[53],"was":[54,79,117],"observed":[55,118],"in":[56,65,125,135,157,189],"this":[57],"study":[58],"perform":[61],"as":[62,193],"cure":[63,89,112],"retarder":[64],"bromobutyl":[66],"rubber/bromo":[67],"isobutylene":[68],"isoprene":[69],"rubber\u2010based":[70],"tube":[71],"less":[72],"compound":[75,144],"its":[77],"performance":[78],"similar":[80],"with":[81,96,146],"MgO;":[83],"however,":[84],"not":[85],"exactly":[86],"equivalent.":[87],"Optimum":[88],"retardation":[90],"0.40":[93,120,147,173],"phr":[94,121,148,153,174,180],"loading":[95,175],"ash.":[98],"Interestingly,":[99],"due":[100],"sulfur":[102],"(S)":[103],"zinc":[105],"(Zn),":[106],"produced":[110],"some":[111],"activation":[113],"effect.":[114],"Cure":[115],"rate":[116],"load":[124],"gum/filled":[126],"formulations":[127],"35/15":[129],"minutes\u22121":[130,134],"compared":[131],"30/10":[133],"0.30":[139,152,179],"phr.":[140],"Physical":[141],"properties":[142],"of":[143,169,181],"made":[145],"comparable":[156],"both":[158],"gum":[159],"filled":[161],"system.":[162],"Alkali":[163],"equivalent":[177],"MgO.":[182],"an":[186],"important":[187],"gateway":[188],"rubber":[191],"industry":[192],"multifunction":[195],"material.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-09-21T00:00:00"}
