{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084402000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.20.00118","title":"Effects of calcium formate on early-age strength and microstructure of high-volume fly ash cement systems","display_name":"Effects of calcium formate on early-age strength and microstructure of high-volume fly ash cement systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084402000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.20.00118","mag":"3084402000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1680/jmacr.20.00118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.20.00118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.20.00118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187103194","display_name":"Magazine of Concrete Research","issn_l":"0024-9831","issn":["0024-9831","1751-763X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311678","host_organization_name":"ICE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ICE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Magazine of Concrete Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101676574","display_name":"Zhiyuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-0010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-0010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["PhD student, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-0010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD student, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020284550","display_name":"Massoud Sofi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-9278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-9278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Massoud Sofi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Fellow, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (corresponding author: )"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-9278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (corresponding author: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063025987","display_name":"Aocheng Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-7134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-7134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aocheng Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["PhD student, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-7134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD student, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031467238","display_name":"Amin Shahpasandi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Shahpasandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master's student, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master's student, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054536580","display_name":"Marvel Cham Sarabia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marvel Cham Sarabia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master's student, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master's student, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089286473","display_name":"Priyan A. Mendis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-8201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-8201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyan Mendis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-8201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020284550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68873327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"24","first_page":"1283","last_page":"1295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12152","display_name":"Concrete Properties and Behavior","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-formate","display_name":"calcium formate","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-ash-replacement","display_name":"fly ash replacement","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-strength","display_name":"early-age strength","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement-hydration","display_name":"cement hydration","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructure","display_name":"microstructure","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-hydroxide","display_name":"calcium hydroxide","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-silicate-hydrate","display_name":"calcium silicate hydrate","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ettringite","display_name":"ettringite","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tricalcium-aluminate","display_name":"tricalcium aluminate","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tricalcium-silicate","display_name":"tricalcium silicate","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-admixtures","display_name":"concrete admixtures","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776052592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420287","display_name":"Ettringite","level":4,"score":0.8588669896125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779563543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182849","display_name":"Calcium hydroxide","level":2,"score":0.6875580549240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6768593788146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.6538952589035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.6260366439819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.6259406208992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780300285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416365","display_name":"Calcium silicate","level":2,"score":0.6098480224609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779850335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3791889","display_name":"Calcium silicate hydrate","level":3,"score":0.562824010848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519063684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706","display_name":"Calcium","level":2,"score":0.532452404499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5260862112045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60100273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902806","display_name":"Thermogravimetric analysis","level":2,"score":0.5204120874404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777387946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424081","display_name":"Aluminate","level":3,"score":0.4767899513244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778039128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23767","display_name":"Calcium carbonate","level":2,"score":0.4355889558792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3993934094905853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3721245527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3569519519805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.3497743010520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.319837749004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.222148597240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0744178295135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1680/jmacr.20.00118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.20.00118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.20.00118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187103194","display_name":"Magazine of Concrete Research","issn_l":"0024-9831","issn":["0024-9831","1751-763X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311678","host_organization_name":"ICE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ICE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Magazine of Concrete Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81924622","https://openalex.org/W1607433631","https://openalex.org/W1917734845","https://openalex.org/W1993016649","https://openalex.org/W1993383312","https://openalex.org/W1994681433","https://openalex.org/W1994985803","https://openalex.org/W1998979397","https://openalex.org/W2003766175","https://openalex.org/W2020455965","https://openalex.org/W2021331061","https://openalex.org/W2023574650","https://openalex.org/W2027817710","https://openalex.org/W2029767067","https://openalex.org/W2047823406","https://openalex.org/W2062732920","https://openalex.org/W2072513570","https://openalex.org/W2076298783","https://openalex.org/W2078462178","https://openalex.org/W2155144327","https://openalex.org/W2525145949","https://openalex.org/W2609204848","https://openalex.org/W2773336277","https://openalex.org/W2796115024","https://openalex.org/W2900066062","https://openalex.org/W2915149507","https://openalex.org/W2944062102"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2582474214","https://openalex.org/W2047928646","https://openalex.org/W2102139229","https://openalex.org/W1967153117","https://openalex.org/W4385202812","https://openalex.org/W2058838847","https://openalex.org/W2564566322","https://openalex.org/W1974769268","https://openalex.org/W3036636855","https://openalex.org/W4245079058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Replacement":[0],"of":[1,24,49,56,65,67,88,115,120,133,140,157,161,165,172,180],"Portland":[2],"cement":[3,50,68],"(PC)":[4],"by":[5,14,52],"fly":[6],"ash":[7],"(FA)":[8],"is":[9],"currently":[10],"limited":[11],"to":[12,18,36,41,62,84,126,130,154],"15\u201330%":[13],"mass,":[15],"mainly":[16],"due":[17],"low":[19],"early":[20],"age":[21,119],"strength":[22,44,110],"development":[23],"concrete.":[25],"This":[26],"research":[27],"uses":[28],"calcium":[29,141,144,147],"formate":[30],"(Ca(HCO2)2;":[31],"CF)":[32],"as":[33,135,137],"an":[34],"admixture":[35],"high-volume":[37],"FA":[38,53,106,134],"(HVFA)":[39],"composites":[40],"improve":[42],"its":[43],"properties.":[45],"HVFA":[46,100,127,187],"represents":[47],"60\u201370%":[48],"replaced":[51],"and":[54,78,92,104,150,186,191],"dosage":[55,64,114],"CF":[57,89,113,125,166],"varies":[58],"from":[59],"0.5%":[60],"up":[61],"high":[63,163],"9%":[66,168],"content.":[69],"Compressive":[70],"strength,":[71],"isothermal":[72],"calorimetry,":[73],"thermogravimetric":[74],"analysis,":[75],"X-ray":[76],"diffraction":[77],"scanning":[79],"electron":[80],"microscopy":[81],"were":[82],"conducted":[83],"investigate":[85],"the":[86,108,112,118,155,170,178],"effects":[87],"on":[90],"hydration":[91,171,179],"microstructural":[93],"aspects.":[94],"The":[95,159],"results":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98],"both":[99,184],"pastes":[101,188],"with":[102,189],"60%":[103,190],"70%":[105,192],"achieved":[107],"highest":[109],"at":[111,167],"3%.":[116],"At":[117],"28":[121],"days,":[122],"adding":[123],"3%":[124],"mixes":[128],"led":[129],"higher":[131,138],"consumption":[132],"well":[136],"formation":[139],"hydroxide":[142],"(Ca(OH)2),":[143],"silicate":[145,182],"hydrates,":[146],"carbonate":[148],"(CaCO3)":[149],"ettringite,":[151],"which":[152],"contribute":[153],"increase":[156],"strength.":[158],"addition":[160],"very":[162],"dosages":[164],"increased":[169],"tricalcium":[173,181],"aluminate":[174],"but":[175],"could":[176],"hinder":[177],"in":[183],"PC":[185],"FA.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-11T09:32:39.932853","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
