{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084123749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186247","title":"Handling Skewed Data: A Comparison of Two Popular Methods","display_name":"Handling Skewed Data: A Comparison of Two Popular Methods","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084123749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186247","mag":"3084123749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app10186247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186247","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6247/pdf?version=1599701247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6247/pdf?version=1599701247","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075798788","display_name":"Hanan M . Hammouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-1022","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-1022"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanan M. Hammouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-1022","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020249705","display_name":"Roy T. Sabo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-2598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-2598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roy T. Sabo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016741875","display_name":"Rasha Alsaadawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8936-5684","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8936-5684"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasha Alsaadawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8936-5684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078645130","display_name":"Khalid Ahmed Kheirallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-4472","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-4472"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid A. Kheirallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-4472","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075798788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"fwci":3.4047,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94360004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"18","first_page":"6247","last_page":"6247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.826200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.826200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.07460000365972519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.055799998342990875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skewed-data","display_name":"skewed data","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithmic-transformation","display_name":"logarithmic transformation","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-linear-models","display_name":"generalized linear models","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-functions","display_name":"link functions","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-sample-t-test","display_name":"two-sample t-test","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-i-error-rate","display_name":"type I error rate","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"statistical power","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-distribution","display_name":"gamma distribution","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-distribution","display_name":"exponential distribution","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-distribution","display_name":"beta distribution","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-normal-data","display_name":"non-normal data","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5863988399505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150670458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4272815","display_name":"Data transformation","level":3,"score":0.5146273374557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.49418261647224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4836600720882416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.46041327714920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4309956431388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40696583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989120","display_name":"Type I and type II errors","level":2,"score":0.4205424189567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.41836944222450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149717495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117806","display_name":"Gamma distribution","level":2,"score":0.4108622372150421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.33592674136161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.23700857162475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135572916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193351","display_name":"Data warehouse","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app10186247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186247","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6247/pdf?version=1599701247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53dd00c344904e34959f09e92acd159b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53dd00c344904e34959f09e92acd159b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 18, p 6247 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app10186247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186247","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6247/pdf?version=1599701247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084123749.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084123749.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974828111","https://openalex.org/W2033803508","https://openalex.org/W2135757495","https://openalex.org/W2159745138","https://openalex.org/W2162020807","https://openalex.org/W2165717273","https://openalex.org/W2168727277","https://openalex.org/W2775363893","https://openalex.org/W2801490189","https://openalex.org/W2804183390","https://openalex.org/W2979673833","https://openalex.org/W2990247566","https://openalex.org/W3021796573","https://openalex.org/W3023479687","https://openalex.org/W3098865414","https://openalex.org/W4299677235","https://openalex.org/W4300840064","https://openalex.org/W4300858224","https://openalex.org/W4301861531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321650139","https://openalex.org/W2169275958","https://openalex.org/W2106922074","https://openalex.org/W2917687159","https://openalex.org/W2179586571","https://openalex.org/W2372260056","https://openalex.org/W2146625955","https://openalex.org/W2011098182","https://openalex.org/W2966472451","https://openalex.org/W1976144009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scientists":[0],"in":[1],"biomedical":[2],"and":[3,94,108,137],"psychosocial":[4],"research":[5],"need":[6],"to":[7,34],"deal":[8],"with":[9,58,120,157],"skewed":[10,36,85],"data":[11,37,86,132],"all":[12],"the":[13,16,24,40,52,66,109,112,118,127,148,155],"time.":[14],"In":[15,63],"case":[17],"of":[18,77,84,111],"comparing":[19],"means":[20],"from":[21],"two":[22,67,82],"groups,":[23],"log":[25,121,158],"transformation":[26,122],"is":[27,51],"commonly":[28],"used":[29],"as":[30],"a":[31],"traditional":[32],"technique":[33],"normalize":[35],"before":[38],"utilizing":[39],"two-group":[41],"t-test.":[42],"An":[43],"alternative":[44],"method":[45,129,150],"that":[46,80,117,133],"does":[47],"not":[48,135],"assume":[49],"normality":[50],"generalized":[53],"linear":[54],"model":[55],"(GLM)":[56],"combined":[57],"an":[59],"appropriate":[60],"link":[61],"function.":[62],"this":[64],"work,":[65],"techniques":[68],"are":[69,99,134],"compared":[70,100],"using":[71],"Monte":[72],"Carlo":[73],"simulations;":[74],"each":[75],"consists":[76],"many":[78],"iterations":[79],"simulate":[81],"groups":[83],"for":[87,130,144],"three":[88],"different":[89],"sampling":[90],"distributions:":[91],"gamma,":[92],"exponential,":[93],"beta.":[95],"Afterward,":[96],"both":[97],"methods":[98],"regarding":[101],"Type":[102],"I":[103],"error":[104],"rates,":[105],"power":[106],"rates":[107],"estimates":[110],"mean":[113],"differences.":[114],"We":[115],"conclude":[116],"t-test":[119,156],"had":[123,151],"superior":[124,152],"performance":[125,153],"over":[126,154],"GLM":[128,149],"any":[131],"normal":[136],"follow":[138],"beta":[139],"or":[140],"gamma":[141],"distributions.":[142],"Alternatively,":[143],"exponentially":[145],"distributed":[146],"data,":[147],"transformation.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
