{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083973837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.08.006","title":"An optimal hierarchical control scheme for smart generation units: An application to combined steam and electricity generation","display_name":"An optimal hierarchical control scheme for smart generation units: An application to combined steam and electricity generation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083973837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.08.006","mag":"3083973837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.08.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.08.006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.08.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96000363","display_name":"Journal of Process Control","issn_l":"0959-1524","issn":["0959-1524","1873-2771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Process Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.16146","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052613128","display_name":"Stefano Spinelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4918-7203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4918-7203"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598443","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing","ror":"https://ror.org/01jzrzb86","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598443"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Spinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4399598443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033116635","display_name":"Marcello Farina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4209-9152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4209-9152"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcello Farina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059779229","display_name":"Andrea Ballarino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5875-5551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5875-5551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598443","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing","ror":"https://ror.org/01jzrzb86","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598443"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Ballarino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5875-5551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4399598443"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052613128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4399598443","https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":{"value":2640,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2640},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4187,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54553387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":null,"first_page":"58","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-control","display_name":"hierarchical control","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-commitment","display_name":"unit commitment","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"model predictive control","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-optimization","display_name":"hybrid optimization","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminal-cost","display_name":"terminal cost","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.6692396402359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6046964526176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5846549272537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.5751276016235352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187633118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1317949","display_name":"Economic dispatch","level":4,"score":0.47223660349845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28761237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805321","display_name":"Time horizon","level":2,"score":0.45689651370048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.445309042930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4452369511127472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43425697088241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43045687675476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4194846749305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22762622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628904","display_name":"Operating point","level":2,"score":0.4140557050704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3507900834083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.24946188926696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.24590802192687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2048514187335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15406203269958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.08.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.08.006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.08.006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96000363","display_name":"Journal of Process Control","issn_l":"0959-1524","issn":["0959-1524","1873-2771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Process Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.16146","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.16146","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.16146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1145665","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959152420302808?dgcid=author","pdf_url":"https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1145665/2/Hierachical_LPV.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2306.16146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.16146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.16146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.16146","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.16146","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.16146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6703694064","display_name":"Human-mimetic approach to the integrated monitoring, management and optimization of a symbiotic cluster of smart production units","funder_award_id":"680426","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","display_name":"Horizon 2020","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083973837.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083973837.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23287088","https://openalex.org/W283072806","https://openalex.org/W617293543","https://openalex.org/W1603631609","https://openalex.org/W1679253237","https://openalex.org/W1970411044","https://openalex.org/W1977985274","https://openalex.org/W2000599185","https://openalex.org/W2002716665","https://openalex.org/W2003780480","https://openalex.org/W2021621589","https://openalex.org/W2026885407","https://openalex.org/W2036389364","https://openalex.org/W2041354755","https://openalex.org/W2048168372","https://openalex.org/W2049670620","https://openalex.org/W2081986669","https://openalex.org/W2093605812","https://openalex.org/W2105708535","https://openalex.org/W2106116387","https://openalex.org/W2106772112","https://openalex.org/W2110316735","https://openalex.org/W2110512546","https://openalex.org/W2115010361","https://openalex.org/W2115721077","https://openalex.org/W2118184382","https://openalex.org/W2119990254","https://openalex.org/W2121010493","https://openalex.org/W2123703612","https://openalex.org/W2125044344","https://openalex.org/W2128172895","https://openalex.org/W2134781609","https://openalex.org/W2162857388","https://openalex.org/W2306801623","https://openalex.org/W2313685807","https://openalex.org/W2462067902","https://openalex.org/W2519014630","https://openalex.org/W2531894595","https://openalex.org/W2588688775","https://openalex.org/W2591628092","https://openalex.org/W2762825472","https://openalex.org/W2898067516","https://openalex.org/W2903254588","https://openalex.org/W2914430037","https://openalex.org/W2941879627","https://openalex.org/W2967486939","https://openalex.org/W2991881784","https://openalex.org/W4236932206","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298112682","https://openalex.org/W4300825532","https://openalex.org/W4300999067","https://openalex.org/W6756134533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195110389","https://openalex.org/W4206568350","https://openalex.org/W2766455576","https://openalex.org/W2074690468","https://openalex.org/W2375252852","https://openalex.org/W2897780249","https://openalex.org/W4413392768","https://openalex.org/W4416451995","https://openalex.org/W2903254588","https://openalex.org/W2312251704"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2020-09-14T00:00:00"}