{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083723331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-051920-013658","title":"Socioeconomic Status and Intimate Relationships","display_name":"Socioeconomic Status and Intimate Relationships","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083723331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-051920-013658","mag":"3083723331","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32886585","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8179854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-051920-013658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-051920-013658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-051920-013658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90670110","display_name":"Annual Review of Psychology","issn_l":"0066-4308","issn":["0066-4308","1545-2085"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8179854","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029419885","display_name":"Benjamin R. Karney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-6162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-6162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin R. Karney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029419885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4842,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":197,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96551724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"391","last_page":"414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10677","display_name":"Attachment and Relationship Dynamics","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13632","display_name":"Marriage and Sexual Relationships","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intimate-relationships","display_name":"intimate relationships","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marriage-timing","display_name":"marriage timing","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohabitation","display_name":"cohabitation","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divorce","display_name":"divorce","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breakup","display_name":"breakup","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-maintenance","display_name":"relationship maintenance","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mating-strategies","display_name":"mating strategies","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-inequality","display_name":"socioeconomic disparities","score":0.4440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.9300508499145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.632956862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.598996639251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5497208833694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777433574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744592","display_name":"Assortative mating","level":3,"score":0.48120954632759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4473176598548889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4432360827922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3583771884441376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2696716785430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14346802234649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.09809038043022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004243","descriptor_name":"Divorce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008393","descriptor_name":"Marriage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012725","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012747","descriptor_name":"Sexual Partners","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018454","descriptor_name":"Spouses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-051920-013658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-051920-013658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-051920-013658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90670110","display_name":"Annual Review of Psychology","issn_l":"0066-4308","issn":["0066-4308","1545-2085"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32886585","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32886585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual review of psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8179854","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8179854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Rev Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3778p0q1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3778p0q1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Psychology, vol 72, iss 1","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8179854","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8179854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Rev Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2188798077","display_name":"Economic Context and Marital Outcomes Over Time","funder_award_id":"R01HD091832","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000886647","display_name":"California Center for Population Research (CCPR) at UCLA","funder_award_id":"P2CHD041022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":137,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W567356048","https://openalex.org/W1161584679","https://openalex.org/W1218205038","https://openalex.org/W1501087929","https://openalex.org/W1510845476","https://openalex.org/W1543031701","https://openalex.org/W1561363733","https://openalex.org/W1577841485","https://openalex.org/W1587108341","https://openalex.org/W1735969924","https://openalex.org/W1891226127","https://openalex.org/W1893293292","https://openalex.org/W1921746306","https://openalex.org/W1936420698","https://openalex.org/W1944789878","https://openalex.org/W1968075452","https://openalex.org/W1971685943","https://openalex.org/W1974593863","https://openalex.org/W1978364686","https://openalex.org/W1978684166","https://openalex.org/W1982733207","https://openalex.org/W1983758073","https://openalex.org/W1985846875","https://openalex.org/W1990764123","https://openalex.org/W1992519658","https://openalex.org/W1994525487","https://openalex.org/W1995042556","https://openalex.org/W1998772789","https://openalex.org/W1999602358","https://openalex.org/W2000286304","https://openalex.org/W2000558896","https://openalex.org/W2001710795","https://openalex.org/W2003180862","https://openalex.org/W2006662781","https://openalex.org/W2010241995","https://openalex.org/W2010559626","https://openalex.org/W2011493602","https://openalex.org/W2013102688","https://openalex.org/W2016350408","https://openalex.org/W2017861090","https://openalex.org/W2020759570","https://openalex.org/W2021208897","https://openalex.org/W2022961064","https://openalex.org/W2025972704","https://openalex.org/W2029022404","https://openalex.org/W2032982813","https://openalex.org/W2036425437","https://openalex.org/W2038319639","https://openalex.org/W2041740640","https://openalex.org/W2042864459","https://openalex.org/W2043234380","https://openalex.org/W2043747016","https://openalex.org/W2044114599","https://openalex.org/W2044556532","https://openalex.org/W2057390010","https://openalex.org/W2059047024","https://openalex.org/W2061579481","https://openalex.org/W2064147802","https://openalex.org/W2071760307","https://openalex.org/W2077768811","https://openalex.org/W2079943847","https://openalex.org/W2081040019","https://openalex.org/W2082355928","https://openalex.org/W2084246693","https://openalex.org/W2088393170","https://openalex.org/W2089000029","https://openalex.org/W2097093916","https://openalex.org/W2098584516","https://openalex.org/W2099099013","https://openalex.org/W2102078229","https://openalex.org/W2108038224","https://openalex.org/W2108891241","https://openalex.org/W2111806895","https://openalex.org/W2115171775","https://openalex.org/W2116623494","https://openalex.org/W2122698071","https://openalex.org/W2123556372","https://openalex.org/W2124832916","https://openalex.org/W2132879377","https://openalex.org/W2133353131","https://openalex.org/W2134564898","https://openalex.org/W2137249471","https://openalex.org/W2137996543","https://openalex.org/W2138696311","https://openalex.org/W2141806368","https://openalex.org/W2145494615","https://openalex.org/W2147629601","https://openalex.org/W2158275126","https://openalex.org/W2159275106","https://openalex.org/W2160113523","https://openalex.org/W2160420871","https://openalex.org/W2165589717","https://openalex.org/W2166292407","https://openalex.org/W2166910568","https://openalex.org/W2167593040","https://openalex.org/W2169846112","https://openalex.org/W2172065441","https://openalex.org/W2203938232","https://openalex.org/W2281937685","https://openalex.org/W2288035072","https://openalex.org/W2296721182","https://openalex.org/W2297331785","https://openalex.org/W2319126308","https://openalex.org/W2340924900","https://openalex.org/W2343919082","https://openalex.org/W2394613050","https://openalex.org/W2414364412","https://openalex.org/W2461153924","https://openalex.org/W2501221829","https://openalex.org/W2505249572","https://openalex.org/W2520734355","https://openalex.org/W2585154200","https://openalex.org/W2730421644","https://openalex.org/W2780389262","https://openalex.org/W2788714536","https://openalex.org/W2791168041","https://openalex.org/W2802482754","https://openalex.org/W2804575284","https://openalex.org/W2896487499","https://openalex.org/W2902280192","https://openalex.org/W2922895789","https://openalex.org/W2934816600","https://openalex.org/W2955591490","https://openalex.org/W2958212277","https://openalex.org/W2968157960","https://openalex.org/W2971250220","https://openalex.org/W2982588152","https://openalex.org/W2991411227","https://openalex.org/W3003637402","https://openalex.org/W3004998417","https://openalex.org/W3113548292","https://openalex.org/W3122326788","https://openalex.org/W3123724540","https://openalex.org/W4229499975","https://openalex.org/W4242623720","https://openalex.org/W4250171607","https://openalex.org/W4366064439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285160189","https://openalex.org/W4387762251","https://openalex.org/W3122145263","https://openalex.org/W3187981436","https://openalex.org/W2334599853","https://openalex.org/W7118077346","https://openalex.org/W201132746","https://openalex.org/W2145458094","https://openalex.org/W2185592823","https://openalex.org/W1974199879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ways":[1],"that":[2,137,143],"couples":[3,32,61],"form":[4],"and":[5,12,35,41,50,67,73,93,110,120,127,141,146],"manage":[6],"their":[7],"intimate":[8,96],"relationships":[9],"at":[10,47,78],"higher":[11,29],"lower":[13,58],"levels":[14],"of":[15,95],"socioeconomic":[16,105,149],"status":[17],"(SES)":[18],"have":[19,51],"been":[20],"diverging":[21],"steadily":[22],"over":[23],"the":[24,90],"past":[25],"several":[26],"decades.":[27],"At":[28,57],"SES":[30,59,84],"levels,":[31,60],"postpone":[33],"marriage":[34,72],"childbirth":[36],"to":[37,65,71,76,86,148],"invest":[38],"in":[39,114],"education":[40],"careers,":[42],"but":[43],"they":[44],"eventually":[45],"marry":[46,77],"high":[48],"rates":[49],"relatively":[52],"low":[53],"risk":[54],"for":[55,117,125],"divorce.":[56],"are":[62],"more":[63,126],"likely":[64,75],"cohabit":[66],"give":[68],"birth":[69],"prior":[70],"less":[74,128],"all.":[79],"This":[80],"review":[81],"examines":[82],"how":[83,102],"comes":[85],"be":[87],"associated":[88],"with":[89],"formation,":[91],"development,":[92],"dissolution":[94],"relationships.":[97],"Overall,":[98],"research":[99,136],"has":[100],"highlighted":[101],"a":[103],"couple's":[104],"context":[106],"facilitates":[107],"some":[108],"choices":[109],"constrains":[111],"others,":[112],"resulting":[113],"different":[115,121],"capacities":[116],"relationship":[118,133],"maintenance":[119],"adaptive":[122],"mating":[123],"strategies":[124],"advantaged":[129],"couples.":[130,152],"A":[131],"generalizable":[132],"science":[134],"requires":[135],"acknowledges":[138],"these":[139],"differences":[140],"one":[142],"recruits,":[144],"describes,":[145],"attends":[147],"diversity":[150],"across":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-09-11T00:00:00"}