{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083673798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","title":"Determinants of adverse drug reactions reporting in retail chemists in Nairobi County, Kenya","display_name":"Determinants of adverse drug reactions reporting in retail chemists in Nairobi County, Kenya","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083673798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","mag":"3083673798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/download/6965/4281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764876480","display_name":"International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health","issn_l":"2394-6032","issn":["2394-6032","2394-6040"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697004","host_organization_name":"Medip Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697004"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medip Academy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/download/6965/4281","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060368574","display_name":"June W. Njiru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6506-2702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6506-2702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36770943","display_name":"Kenya Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/033tvp994","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36770943"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"June W. Njiru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Systems Management, Kenya Methodist University, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6506-2702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Systems Management, Kenya Methodist University, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36770943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034010521","display_name":"Eunice Muthoni Mwangi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-678X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-678X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36770943","display_name":"Kenya Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/033tvp994","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36770943"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunice M. Mwangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Systems Management, Kenya Methodist University, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Systems Management, Kenya Methodist University, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36770943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004044809","display_name":"Musa Oluoch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36770943","display_name":"Kenya Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/033tvp994","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36770943"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musa Oluoch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Systems Management, Kenya Methodist University, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Systems Management, Kenya Methodist University, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36770943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36770943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"10","first_page":"3847","last_page":"3847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12878","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-reaction-reporting","display_name":"adverse drug reaction reporting","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacovigilance","display_name":"pharmacovigilance","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-engagement","display_name":"stakeholder engagement","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nairobi-county","display_name":"Nairobi County","score":0.843999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57658597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550789","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance","level":3,"score":0.9613588452339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779714115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644","display_name":"Chemist","level":2,"score":0.620792031288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.5818018317222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47560960054397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4648384749889374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780542314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45959","display_name":"Adverse drug reaction","level":3,"score":0.44077014923095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.32306385040283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.31309273838996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.27956855297088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08078208565711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/download/6965/4281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764876480","display_name":"International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health","issn_l":"2394-6032","issn":["2394-6032","2394-6040"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697004","host_organization_name":"Medip Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697004"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medip Academy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203965","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/download/6965/4281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764876480","display_name":"International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health","issn_l":"2394-6032","issn":["2394-6032","2394-6040"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697004","host_organization_name":"Medip Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697004"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medip Academy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083673798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083673798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990457262","https://openalex.org/W2063141342","https://openalex.org/W2075362744","https://openalex.org/W2109655984","https://openalex.org/W2136893259","https://openalex.org/W2142124079","https://openalex.org/W2281705647","https://openalex.org/W2802609414","https://openalex.org/W2890243962","https://openalex.org/W2991787537","https://openalex.org/W4205490652","https://openalex.org/W4244466520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106070673","https://openalex.org/W2794471414","https://openalex.org/W3029671560","https://openalex.org/W4304114221","https://openalex.org/W1968568235","https://openalex.org/W2125956556","https://openalex.org/W7020240930","https://openalex.org/W3186478314","https://openalex.org/W4393319995","https://openalex.org/W1983894695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Reporting":[1],"of":[2,9,30,44,54,59,63,70,90,144,147,199,214],"adverse":[3,71],"drug":[4,72],"reactions":[5],"remains":[6],"the":[7,28,31,42,49,52,55,64,91,145,155,197,200,205,210,215],"mainstay":[8],"a":[10,20,76,132],"vibrant":[11],"pharmacovigilance":[12,45,156,188,201],"system":[13],"that":[14,58,94,154],"seeks":[15],"to":[16,26,85,219],"safeguard":[17],"medicines":[18,33],"in":[19,48,103,150,175,178,204],"health":[21],"system.":[22],"This":[23,74],"study":[24,79],"sought":[25],"establish":[27],"impact":[29],"national":[32],"regulatory":[34],"body,":[35],"The":[36],"Pharmacy":[37],"and":[38,57,164,193,212],"Poisons":[39],"Board":[40],"(PPB),":[41],"operationalization":[43],"implementation":[46,157,202],"strategies":[47,158,203],"retail":[50,65,99,151,160,176,185,216],"chemists,":[51],"effect":[53],"capacity":[56,211],"underlying":[60,165],"motivation":[61,213],"factors":[62,167],"chemist":[66,161,217],"personnel":[67,162,218],"on":[68,115,124,172,187],"reporting":[69,138,149,174],"reactions.Methods:":[73],"was":[75,130],"descriptive":[77],"cross-sectional":[78],"design":[80],"conducted":[81],"between":[82],"May":[83],"2018":[84],"June":[86],"2018.Results:":[87],"149":[88],"(60%)":[89],"respondents":[92],"stated":[93],"PPB":[95,113,129,181],"did":[96],"not":[97,183],"engage":[98],"chemists":[100,152,177,186,206],"as":[101,190,207,209],"stakeholders":[102,192],"pharmacovigilance,":[104,116,125],"127":[105],"(51%)":[106],"said":[107,119],"they":[108,120],"had":[109,121,169],"never":[110],"read":[111],"any":[112],"publication":[114],"151":[117],"(61%)":[118],"general":[122],"knowledge":[123],"receiving":[126],"feedback":[127],"from":[128],"considered":[131],"major":[133],"motivational":[134,166],"factor":[135],"towards":[136],"ADR":[137,148,173],"by":[139],"237":[140],"(96%).":[141],"Multivariate":[142],"analysis":[143],"determinants":[146],"established":[153],"(p<0.026),":[159],"(p<0.001)":[163],"(p<0.05)":[168],"significant":[170],"influence":[171],"Nairobi":[179],"County.Conclusions:":[180],"has":[182,195],"engaged":[184],"matters":[189],"key":[191],"this":[194],"impacted":[196],"quality":[198],"well":[208],"report":[220],"ADRs.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2020-09-11T00:00:00"}