{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083394502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.02208","title":"NNgSAT: Neural Network guided SAT Attack on Logic Locked Complex Structures","display_name":"NNgSAT: Neural Network guided SAT Attack on Logic Locked Complex Structures","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083394502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.02208","mag":"3083394502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.02208","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02208","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02208","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02208","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031747364","display_name":"Kimia Zamiri Azar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5684-100X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5684-100X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azar, Kimia Zamiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#George Mason University#N#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#George Mason University#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101538655","display_name":"Hadi Mardani Kamali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1646-8411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1646-8411","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4246-6736"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamali, Hadi Mardani","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#George Mason University#N#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#George Mason University#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047382437","display_name":"Houman Homayoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-4699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-4699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Homayoun, Houman","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#George Mason University#N#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#George Mason University#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060036961","display_name":"Avesta Sasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-8075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-8075"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sasan, Avesta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of California Davis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-locking","display_name":"logic locking","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-obfuscation","display_name":"logic obfuscation","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sat-attacks","display_name":"SAT attacks","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-passing-neural-networks","display_name":"message passing neural networks","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security","display_name":"hardware security","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjunctive-normal-form","display_name":"conjunctive normal form","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipliers","display_name":"multipliers","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-networks","display_name":"routing networks","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"tree structure","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6174326539039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5648088455200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2684592306613922}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.02208","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02208","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02208","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2009.02208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.02208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.02208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.02208","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02208","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02208","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4983232","https://openalex.org/W1515903565","https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W1986199670","https://openalex.org/W2001802315","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2063615695","https://openalex.org/W2067276029","https://openalex.org/W2095410905","https://openalex.org/W2106409910","https://openalex.org/W2124954128","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2336864643","https://openalex.org/W2419784917","https://openalex.org/W2499445168","https://openalex.org/W2523638396","https://openalex.org/W2587958472","https://openalex.org/W2608329737","https://openalex.org/W2615010670","https://openalex.org/W2615060729","https://openalex.org/W2626492933","https://openalex.org/W2708742051","https://openalex.org/W2741711485","https://openalex.org/W2747980214","https://openalex.org/W2752013983","https://openalex.org/W2766393343","https://openalex.org/W2769905020","https://openalex.org/W2771405182","https://openalex.org/W2772235844","https://openalex.org/W2786776430","https://openalex.org/W2791567389","https://openalex.org/W2798443351","https://openalex.org/W2798540755","https://openalex.org/W2798554995","https://openalex.org/W2798748345","https://openalex.org/W2807607203","https://openalex.org/W2899848879","https://openalex.org/W2909895117","https://openalex.org/W2910639741","https://openalex.org/W2921992864","https://openalex.org/W2945305016","https://openalex.org/W2946593940","https://openalex.org/W2953349036","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2971563218","https://openalex.org/W2996815821","https://openalex.org/W2998465829","https://openalex.org/W3002973505","https://openalex.org/W3008115578","https://openalex.org/W3020930920","https://openalex.org/W3026901711","https://openalex.org/W3111508438","https://openalex.org/W4246305008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"globalization":[1],"of":[2,37,55,101,139,201,212,224],"the":[3,45,48,72,90,97,135,173,180,186,209,213,225,237,243],"IC":[4],"supply":[5],"chain":[6],"has":[7,19],"raised":[8],"many":[9,112],"security":[10],"threats,":[11],"especially":[12],"when":[13,71],"untrusted":[14],"parties":[15],"are":[16],"involved.":[17],"This":[18],"created":[20],"a":[21,24,34,108,126,140,158,164,170,199,233],"demand":[22],"for":[23,96,104,145,184],"dependable":[25],"logic":[26,42,63,73,91,202,226],"obfuscation":[27,43,64,105],"solution":[28],"to":[29,116,160,178,198],"combat":[30],"these":[31,102,147],"threats.":[32],"Amongst":[33],"wide":[35],"range":[36],"threats":[38],"and":[39,137],"countermeasures":[40],"on":[41,163,192],"in":[44,67,121,131,246],"2010s":[46],"decade,":[47],"Boolean":[49],"satisfiability":[50],"(SAT)":[51],"attack,":[52],"or":[53,86],"one":[54],"its":[56],"derivatives,":[57],"could":[58,221],"break":[59],"almost":[60],"all":[61],"state-of-the-art":[62],"countermeasures.":[65],"However,":[66,120],"some":[68],"cases,":[69],"particularly":[70],"locked":[74,92,203,227],"circuits":[75,228],"contain":[76],"complex":[77,148,230],"structures,":[78,89],"such":[79,118],"as":[80,111,157,169,205,207],"big":[81,87],"multipliers,":[82],"large":[83],"routing":[84],"networks,":[85],"tree":[88],"circuit":[93],"is":[94,176],"hard-to-be-solved":[95],"SAT":[98,113,128,165,171,182,187,239],"attack.":[99],"Usage":[100],"structures":[103,149,231],"may":[106],"lead":[107],"strong":[109],"defense,":[110],"solvers":[114],"fail":[115],"handle":[117],"complexity.":[119],"this":[122],"paper,":[123],"we":[124,133],"propose":[125],"neural-network-guided":[127],"attack":[129,240,244],"(NNgSAT),":[130],"which":[132],"examine":[134],"capability":[136],"effectiveness":[138],"message-passing":[141],"neural":[142,174],"network":[143,175],"(MPNN)":[144],"solving":[146],"(SAT-hard":[150],"instances).":[151],"In":[152],"NNgSAT,":[153],"after":[154],"being":[155],"trained":[156],"classifier":[159],"predict":[161],"SAT/UNSAT":[162],"problem":[166],"(NN":[167],"serves":[168],"solver),":[172],"used":[177],"guide/help":[179],"actual":[181],"solver":[183],"finding":[185],"assignment(s).":[188],"By":[189],"training":[190],"NN":[191,214],"conjunctive":[193],"normal":[194],"forms":[195],"(CNFs)":[196],"corresponded":[197],"dataset":[200],"circuits,":[204],"well":[206],"fine-tuning":[208],"confidence":[210],"rate":[211],"prediction,":[215],"our":[216],"experiments":[217],"show":[218],"that":[219],"NNgSAT":[220],"solve":[222],"93.5%":[223],"containing":[229],"within":[232],"reasonable":[234],"time,":[235],"while":[236],"existing":[238],"cannot":[241],"proceed":[242],"flow":[245],"them.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-09-11T00:00:00"}