{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083364363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.02162","title":"Teaching gauge theory to first year students","display_name":"Teaching gauge theory to first year students","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083364363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.02162","mag":"3083364363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.02162","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02162","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02162","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084702827","display_name":"Nils-Erik Bomark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-6421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-6421"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bomark, Nils-Erik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084702827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.8515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.8515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12931","display_name":"Educational Methods and Outcomes","score":0.05950000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.02019999921321869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gauge-theory","display_name":"gauge theory","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gauge-invariance","display_name":"gauge invariance","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-model","display_name":"Standard Model","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higgs-field","display_name":"Higgs field","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics-education","display_name":"physics education","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-year-students","display_name":"first-year students","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics-popularization","display_name":"physics popularization","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40976572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330873","display_name":"Gauge (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.6347118020057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402","display_name":"Higgs boson","level":2,"score":0.6335229873657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.6193031072616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181830111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850","display_name":"Gauge theory","level":2,"score":0.5545265078544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5264288187026978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4964490532875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4948877692222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65776647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658544","display_name":"Modern physics","level":2,"score":0.49054664373397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184748400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599934","display_name":"Physics beyond the Standard Model","level":2,"score":0.48721855878829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101454708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106019","display_name":"Standard Model (mathematical formulation)","level":3,"score":0.4807545840740204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45145121216773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.35768628120422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.32790282368659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27485594153404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2457738220691681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2340216040611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07938587665557861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.07309755682945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.02162","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02162","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2009.02162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.02162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.02162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.02162","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02162","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4156000018119812}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3103326134","https://openalex.org/W2116539773","https://openalex.org/W1519926367","https://openalex.org/W4289670480","https://openalex.org/W2082985219","https://openalex.org/W4294562483","https://openalex.org/W2093502973","https://openalex.org/W1505073703","https://openalex.org/W2606231958","https://openalex.org/W2753188666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,5,12,17,102],"the":[2,14,22,25,99,111,116,137,153,157],"biggest":[3],"revelations":[4],"20th":[6],"century":[7],"physics,":[8,149],"is":[9,21,83,106],"virtually":[10],"unheard":[11],"outside":[13],"inner":[15],"circles":[16],"particle":[18,103,163],"physics.":[19,104,164],"This":[20,105],"gauge":[23,66,93],"theory,":[24],"foundation":[26],"for":[27,38,129],"how":[28,85,92],"all":[29,40],"physical":[30],"interactions":[31],"are":[32,69,95,122,143,167],"described":[33],"and":[34,55,81,124,155],"a":[35,60],"guiding":[36],"principle":[37],"almost":[39],"work":[41],"on":[42],"new":[43],"physics":[44,80],"theories.":[45],"Is":[46],"it":[47,82,126],"not":[48],"our":[49],"duty":[50],"as":[51],"physicists":[52],"to":[53,59,90,97,109,135],"try":[54],"spread":[56],"this":[57,173],"knowledge":[58],"wider":[61],"audience?":[62],"Here,":[63],"two":[64],"simple":[65],"theory":[67],"models":[68],"presented":[70],"that":[71],"should":[72],"be":[73,88],"understandable":[74],"without":[75],"any":[76],"advanced":[77],"mathematics":[78],"or":[79],"demonstrated":[84],"they":[86,141,150],"can":[87],"used":[89,96,108],"show":[91],"symmetries":[94],"construct":[98],"standard":[100],"model":[101],"also":[107],"describe":[110],"real":[112],"reason":[113],"we":[114],"need":[115],"Higgs":[117],"field.":[118],"Though":[119],"these":[120],"concepts":[121],"complicated":[123],"abstract,":[125],"seems":[127],"possible":[128],"at":[130],"least":[131],"first":[132],"year":[133],"students":[134],"understand":[136],"main":[138],"ideas.":[139],"Since":[140],"typically":[142],"very":[144],"interested":[145],"in":[146,172],"cutting":[147],"edge":[148],"do":[151],"appreciate":[152],"effort":[154],"enjoy":[156],"more":[158,170],"detail":[159],"insight":[160],"into":[161],"modern":[162],"These":[165],"results":[166],"certainly":[168],"encouraging":[169],"efforts":[171],"direction.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
