{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083319952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y","title":"The effect of Bt crops on soil invertebrates: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis","display_name":"The effect of Bt crops on soil invertebrates: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083319952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y","mag":"3083319952","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32892323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190862277","display_name":"Transgenic Research","issn_l":"0962-8819","issn":["0962-8819","1573-9368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transgenic Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/986991a7-e328-4486-af6e-3fc91d4f3c59","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033538264","display_name":"Paul Henning Krogh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2033-553X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2033-553X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Henning Krogh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 314, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 314, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004075456","display_name":"Kaloyan V. Kostov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6482-6253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6482-6253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149315","display_name":"Agrobioinstitute","ror":"https://ror.org/0436qt863","country_code":"BG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149315","https://openalex.org/I4210163436"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaloyan Kostov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agrobioinstitute, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agrobioinstitute, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010013832","display_name":"Christian Fr\u00f8lund Damgaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-4312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-4312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Fr\u00f8lund Damgaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 314, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark. cfd@bios.au.dk","Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 314, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-4312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 314, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark. cfd@bios.au.dk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 314, Vejls\u00f8vej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010013832"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"],"apc_list":{"value":3260,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3260},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4463,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40748899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5-6","first_page":"487","last_page":"498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11426","display_name":"Genetically Modified Organisms Research","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11426","display_name":"Genetically Modified Organisms Research","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11075","display_name":"Insect Resistance and Genetics","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bt-crops","display_name":"Bt crops","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-invertebrates","display_name":"soil invertebrates","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-endotoxin","display_name":"delta-endotoxin","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-thuringiensis","display_name":"Bacillus thuringiensis","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-biodiversity","display_name":"soil biodiversity","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earthworms","display_name":"earthworms","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nematodes","display_name":"nematodes","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collembola","display_name":"Collembola","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mites","display_name":"mites","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enchytraeidae","display_name":"Enchytraeidae","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protists","display_name":"protists","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetically-modified-crops","display_name":"genetically modified crops","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-target-effects","display_name":"non-target effects","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cry1ab","display_name":"Cry1Ab","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cry1ac","display_name":"Cry1Ac","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cry3bb1","display_name":"Cry3Bb1","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-ecosystem-services","display_name":"soil ecosystem services","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9284095764160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13474642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43806","display_name":"Invertebrate","level":2,"score":0.6407240629196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6099718809127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4039360284805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3048322796821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08727487921714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001413","descriptor_name":"Bacillus thuringiensis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007448","descriptor_name":"Invertebrates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030821","descriptor_name":"Plants, Genetically Modified","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044822","descriptor_name":"Biodiversity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190862277","display_name":"Transgenic Research","issn_l":"0962-8819","issn":["0962-8819","1573-9368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transgenic Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32892323","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32892323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transgenic research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/986991a7-e328-4486-af6e-3fc91d4f3c59","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/986991a7-e328-4486-af6e-3fc91d4f3c59","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Krogh, P H, Kostov, K & Damgaard, C 2020, 'The effect of Bt crops on soil invertebrates: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis', Transgenic Research, vol. 29, no. 5-6, pp. 487-498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/986991a7-e328-4486-af6e-3fc91d4f3c59","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/986991a7-e328-4486-af6e-3fc91d4f3c59","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Krogh, P H, Kostov, K & Damgaard, C 2020, 'The effect of Bt crops on soil invertebrates: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis', Transgenic Research, vol. 29, no. 5-6, pp. 487-498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-020-00213-y","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570117723","https://openalex.org/W1676275295","https://openalex.org/W1860970837","https://openalex.org/W1973960632","https://openalex.org/W1976321871","https://openalex.org/W1988904661","https://openalex.org/W1991935340","https://openalex.org/W2001212912","https://openalex.org/W2001607432","https://openalex.org/W2004773454","https://openalex.org/W2022470443","https://openalex.org/W2026153997","https://openalex.org/W2027149199","https://openalex.org/W2038440215","https://openalex.org/W2043137260","https://openalex.org/W2044728270","https://openalex.org/W2051007072","https://openalex.org/W2059527510","https://openalex.org/W2065823667","https://openalex.org/W2069992692","https://openalex.org/W2072888007","https://openalex.org/W2082617105","https://openalex.org/W2087144324","https://openalex.org/W2096419945","https://openalex.org/W2100388344","https://openalex.org/W2104478930","https://openalex.org/W2110131310","https://openalex.org/W2112890088","https://openalex.org/W2113891247","https://openalex.org/W2115163957","https://openalex.org/W2125843368","https://openalex.org/W2134607283","https://openalex.org/W2134740949","https://openalex.org/W2135441195","https://openalex.org/W2171756104","https://openalex.org/W2174065454","https://openalex.org/W2174419208","https://openalex.org/W2176427348","https://openalex.org/W2178329176","https://openalex.org/W2178952491","https://openalex.org/W2179496436","https://openalex.org/W2180652394","https://openalex.org/W2181120634","https://openalex.org/W2189445544","https://openalex.org/W2213876293","https://openalex.org/W2543135200","https://openalex.org/W2582782533","https://openalex.org/W2741598090","https://openalex.org/W2789218957","https://openalex.org/W2795521740","https://openalex.org/W2911551978","https://openalex.org/W2944385597","https://openalex.org/W2968034707","https://openalex.org/W3136769380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096419945","https://openalex.org/W7100845936","https://openalex.org/W2339247510","https://openalex.org/W48754516","https://openalex.org/W2844272800","https://openalex.org/W765512771","https://openalex.org/W2072888007","https://openalex.org/W2381306080","https://openalex.org/W2392683726","https://openalex.org/W7099120829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,234],"ongoing":[1],"debate":[2],"about":[3,13],"the":[4,14,36,81,122,126,180,205,215,230,246,250,262,268,279,284],"ecological":[5],"effects":[6,203,209],"of":[7,62,77,86,109,133,149,161,193,199,202,204,225,232,237,249,281,295],"Bt-crops":[8,24],"calls":[9],"for":[10,43,53,124],"thorough":[11],"reviews":[12],"impact":[15],"on":[16,111,210,278,297],"soil":[17,48,87,134,258,298],"biodiversity":[18],"and":[19,60,65,84,98,105,117,131,157,179,186,267],"their":[20,54,99],"ecosystem":[21],"services.":[22],"Transgenic":[23],"have":[25,79],"been":[26],"genetically":[27,94],"modified":[28,95],"by":[29,138],"inserting":[30],"a":[31,39,107,158,218,221],"Bacillus":[32],"thuriengensis":[33],"gene":[34],"so":[35],"plant":[37,57],"expresses":[38],"Cry":[40,208,282,296],"toxin":[41],"aimed":[42],"insect":[44],"crop":[45],"pests.":[46],"Non-target":[47],"invertebrates":[49,88,135],"are":[50,136],"particularly":[51],"recognized":[52],"contribution":[55],"to":[56,70,120,142,166,229,273],"nutrient":[58],"availability":[59],"turnover":[61],"organic":[63],"matter":[64],"it":[66],"is":[67],"therefore":[68],"relevant":[69],"protect":[71],"these":[72],"invertebrate":[73,259],"taxa.":[74],"A":[75,169],"number":[76,160],"studies":[78,110,152,216],"compared":[80,141,213],"population":[82,129],"abundance":[83],"biomass":[85],"in":[89,191,217],"agricultural":[90],"fields":[91],"planted":[92],"with":[93,171],"Bt":[96,139,181],"crops":[97,140],"conventional":[100,143],"counterparts.":[101],"Here,":[102],"were":[103,147,164,196,212],"review":[104],"analyze":[106],"selection":[108],"Protista,":[112],"nematodes,":[113],"Collembola,":[114],"mites,":[115],"enchytraeids,":[116],"earthworms":[118],"systematically":[119],"empower":[121],"evidence":[123],"asking":[125],"question":[127],"whether":[128],"abundances":[130],"biomasses":[132],"changed":[137],"crops.":[144],"6110":[145],"titles":[146],"captured,":[148],"which":[150],"38":[151],"passed":[153],"our":[154],"inclusion":[155],"criteria,":[156],"final":[159],"22":[162],"publications":[163],"subject":[165],"data":[167,227],"extraction.":[168],"database":[170],"2046":[172],"records":[173],"was":[174,240,254,265,291],"compiled":[175],"covering":[176],"36":[177],"locations":[178],"types":[182],"Cry1Ab,":[183],"Cry1Ac,":[184],"Cry3Bb1":[185],"Cry3Aa.":[187],"Comparative":[188],"effect":[189,238,280,294],"sizes":[190,239],"terms":[192],"Hedges'":[194],"g":[195],"calculated":[197],"irrespectively":[198],"statistical":[200],"significance":[201],"source":[206],"studies.":[207],"populations":[211],"across":[214,288],"meta-analysis":[219],"employing":[220],"hierarchical":[222],"Bayesian":[223],"approach":[224],"weighted":[226],"according":[228],"level":[231],"replication.":[233],"temporal":[235],"development":[236],"modelled,":[241],"thereby":[242],"taking":[243],"into":[244],"account":[245],"variable":[247],"duration":[248],"field":[251],"experiments.":[252],"There":[253],"considerable":[255],"variation":[256],"among":[257],"orders,":[260],"but":[261],"sample":[263,269],"size":[264],"insufficient":[266],"heterogeneity":[270],"too":[271],"large":[272],"draw":[274],"any":[275],"credible":[276],"conclusions":[277],"at":[283],"order":[285],"level.":[286],"However,":[287],"orders":[289],"there":[290],"no":[292],"significant":[293],"invertebrates.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-09-11T00:00:00"}
