{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082689134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","title":"Branching microtubule nucleation is controlled by importin-mediated inhibition of TPX2 phase separation","display_name":"Branching microtubule nucleation is controlled by importin-mediated inhibition of TPX2 phase separation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082689134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","mag":"3082689134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/09/01/2020.09.01.276469.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/09/01/2020.09.01.276469.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069271164","display_name":"Mohammad S. Safari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8430-4332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8430-4332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad S. Safari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","Deprtment of Moleculr Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deprtment of Moleculr Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103052399","display_name":"Matthew R. King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-3589","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-3589"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew R. King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130","Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","Department of Biomeical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130","Deprtment of Moleculr Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomeical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deprtment of Moleculr Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042735526","display_name":"Clifford P. Brangwynne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-9960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-9960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clifford P. Brangwynne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University","Howard Hughes Medial Institute, Prineton University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-9960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medial Institute, Prineton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010090048","display_name":"Sabine Petry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8537-9763","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8537-9763"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sabine Petry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","Deprtment of Moleculr Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8537-9763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deprtment of Moleculr Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010090048"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10492","display_name":"Microtubule and mitosis dynamics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10492","display_name":"Microtubule and mitosis dynamics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11841","display_name":"Nuclear Structure and Function","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10604","display_name":"RNA Research and Splicing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tpx2","display_name":"TPX2","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microtubule-nucleation","display_name":"microtubule nucleation","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitotic-spindle-assembly","display_name":"mitotic spindle assembly","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/importin-alpha","display_name":"importin alpha","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/importin-beta","display_name":"importin beta","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-liquid-phase-separation","display_name":"liquid-liquid phase separation","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-localization-signal","display_name":"nuclear localization signal","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-trimerization","display_name":"protein trimerization","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spindle-assembly-checkpoint","display_name":"spindle assembly checkpoint","score":0.7649999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133882971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24205524","display_name":"Importin","level":5,"score":0.9254910945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94921385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12134483","display_name":"Microtubule nucleation","level":5,"score":0.8378190994262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20418707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189933","display_name":"Microtubule","level":2,"score":0.6172896027565002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.587515115737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84425145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422492","display_name":"Tubulin","level":3,"score":0.5412177443504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93304396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14763008","display_name":"Mitosis","level":2,"score":0.5168574452400208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918594","display_name":"Spindle apparatus","level":4,"score":0.49346935749053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.4625043570995331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4319911003112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61048295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909022","display_name":"Nucleation","level":2,"score":0.4253320097923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38694602251052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10447061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190769","display_name":"Centrosome","level":4,"score":0.3227079510688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85813293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188909","display_name":"Cell division","level":3,"score":0.3041478395462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59157529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994741","display_name":"Nuclear transport","level":4,"score":0.3020646870136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.22568583488464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.20322158932685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780114586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40260","display_name":"Cell nucleus","level":3,"score":0.17389219999313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934178","display_name":"Nucleus","level":2,"score":0.15563234686851501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29537977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188941","display_name":"Cell cycle","level":3,"score":0.125148743391037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/09/01/2020.09.01.276469.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.276469","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/09/01/2020.09.01.276469.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1877487381","display_name":"Predoctoral Training in Genetics and Molecular Biology","funder_award_id":"T32GM007388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306079","display_name":"David and Lucile Packard Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/032atxq54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306082","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082689134.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082689134.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W281513593","https://openalex.org/W1577451703","https://openalex.org/W1733847523","https://openalex.org/W1801796326","https://openalex.org/W1859662172","https://openalex.org/W1888780705","https://openalex.org/W1912455695","https://openalex.org/W1936657395","https://openalex.org/W1967186789","https://openalex.org/W1974700900","https://openalex.org/W1988573682","https://openalex.org/W1991690400","https://openalex.org/W1991948593","https://openalex.org/W1997284260","https://openalex.org/W1999081109","https://openalex.org/W2014977510","https://openalex.org/W2019884315","https://openalex.org/W2021057156","https://openalex.org/W2037450375","https://openalex.org/W2040029052","https://openalex.org/W2043193576","https://openalex.org/W2043415140","https://openalex.org/W2048468417","https://openalex.org/W2048492672","https://openalex.org/W2076742999","https://openalex.org/W2117279934","https://openalex.org/W2120226363","https://openalex.org/W2149249386","https://openalex.org/W2164576395","https://openalex.org/W2193922719","https://openalex.org/W2217038394","https://openalex.org/W2265710402","https://openalex.org/W2345583633","https://openalex.org/W2568577966","https://openalex.org/W2593221289","https://openalex.org/W2620662403","https://openalex.org/W2756821926","https://openalex.org/W2760081453","https://openalex.org/W2767946881","https://openalex.org/W2777334852","https://openalex.org/W2782861198","https://openalex.org/W2801356113","https://openalex.org/W2801688422","https://openalex.org/W2802035309","https://openalex.org/W2802842075","https://openalex.org/W2810440784","https://openalex.org/W2810866092","https://openalex.org/W2903556227","https://openalex.org/W2938463753","https://openalex.org/W2950681580","https://openalex.org/W2963022380","https://openalex.org/W2998811851","https://openalex.org/W2999304916","https://openalex.org/W2999840957","https://openalex.org/W3000377151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3184733665","https://openalex.org/W2998811851","https://openalex.org/W2911488585","https://openalex.org/W1991948593","https://openalex.org/W1888780705","https://openalex.org/W1967186789","https://openalex.org/W2163754862","https://openalex.org/W13679510","https://openalex.org/W1991690400","https://openalex.org/W3133480924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,190,226],"microtubule-based":[2],"mitotic":[3],"spindle":[4,28,51,169,263,278],"is":[5,19,54,163,198,232,237,245,267],"responsible":[6],"for":[7,32,144],"equally":[8],"partitioning":[9],"the":[10,27,48,59,211,240,262],"genome":[11],"during":[12],"each":[13,140],"cell":[14],"division,":[15],"and":[16,125,136,147,171,228,274],"its":[17,81,112,142,149],"assembly":[18,264],"executed":[20],"by":[21,56,259,269],"several":[22,213],"microtubule":[23,37,154],"nucleation":[24],"pathways.":[25],"In":[26,156],"center,":[29],"Targeting":[30],"Protein":[31],"XKlp2":[33],"(TPX2)":[34],"promotes":[35],"branching":[36,153],"nucleation,":[38],"where":[39],"new":[40,102],"microtubules":[41],"are":[42],"nucleated":[43],"from":[44,271],"pre-existing":[45],"ones.":[46],"Until":[47],"onset":[49],"of":[50,62,133,202,204],"assembly,":[52,170],"TPX2":[53,69,87,139,162,266],"sequestered":[55],"importins-\u03b1/\u03b2,":[57],"yet":[58],"molecular":[60],"nature":[61],"this":[63,257],"regulation":[64],"remains":[65],"unclear,":[66],"particularly":[67],"since":[68],"was":[70],"recently":[71],"found":[72],"to":[73,79,111,151,167,233,247],"undergo":[74,195,221],"a":[75,95,101,177,250],"liquid-liquid":[76,222],"phase":[77,145,179,196,205,223],"separation":[78,180,197,224],"execute":[80],"function.":[82,253],"Here":[83],"we":[84,255],"demonstrate":[85],"that":[86,192],"interacts":[88],"with":[89,91,115,123,138],"importins-\u03b1/\u03b2":[90],"nanomolar":[92],"affinity":[93],"as":[94],"1:1:1":[96],"mono-dispersed":[97],"trimer.":[98],"We":[99],"identify":[100],"nuclear":[103],"localization":[104],"sequence":[105],"(NLS)":[106],"on":[107,218,277],"TPX2,":[108,124],"which":[109],"contributes":[110],"high-affinity":[113],"interaction":[114],"importin-\u03b1.":[116],"Interestingly,":[117],"importin-\u03b2":[118,137],"alone":[119],"can":[120,181,194],"also":[121],"associate":[122],"does":[126],"so":[127],"via":[128,184],"dispersed,":[129],"weak":[130,185],"interactions.":[131,187],"Interactions":[132],"both":[134],"importin-\u03b1":[135],"inhibit":[141],"propensity":[143],"separation,":[146],"consequently":[148],"ability":[150],"orchestrate":[152],"nucleation.":[155],"sum,":[157],"our":[158],"study":[159],"explains":[160],"how":[161,176,219,235,243,261],"regulated":[164,238],"in":[165,208,239],"order":[166],"facilitate":[168],"provides":[172],"novel":[173],"insight":[174],"into":[175],"protein":[178],"be":[182],"inhibited":[183,246,268],"biomolecular":[186],"Significance":[188],"Statement":[189],"discovery":[191],"proteins":[193,207],"revolutionizing":[199],"biology.":[200],"Characterization":[201],"dozens":[203],"separating":[206],"vitro":[209],"over":[210],"past":[212],"years":[214],"has":[215],"mainly":[216],"focused":[217],"macromolecules":[220],"(LLPS).":[225],"next,":[227],"possibly":[229],"bigger":[230],"challenge":[231,258],"investigate":[234],"LLPS":[236,273],"cell,":[241],"namely":[242],"it":[244],"spatiotemporally":[248],"control":[249],"certain":[251],"cellular":[252],"Here,":[254],"addressed":[256],"identifying":[260],"factor":[265],"importins":[270],"undergoing":[272],"thereby":[275],"turning":[276],"assembly.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2020-09-08T00:00:00"}