{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082272200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","title":"Operations of power in autonomous weapon systems: ethical conditions and socio-political prospects","display_name":"Operations of power in autonomous weapon systems: ethical conditions and socio-political prospects","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082272200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","mag":"3082272200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048299290","display_name":"Nik Hynek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-5012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-5012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nik Hynek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles University Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Security Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, U Krize 8, 15800, Praha 5, Jinonice, Prague, Czech Republic","Charles University Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Security Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Praha 5, Jinonice, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles University Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Security Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, U Krize 8, 15800, Praha 5, Jinonice, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles University Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Security Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Praha 5, Jinonice, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072452418","display_name":"Anzhelika Solovyeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anzhelika Solovyeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles University Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Security Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, U Krize 8, 15800, Praha 5, Jinonice, Prague, Czech Republic","Charles University Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Security Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Praha 5, Jinonice, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles University Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Security Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, U Krize 8, 15800, Praha 5, Jinonice, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles University Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Security Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Praha 5, Jinonice, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072452418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2625,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2831},"fwci":1.7037,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87989065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"79","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.399399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.399399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.21369999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.10740000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-weapons","display_name":"autonomous weapons","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethics-of-autonomous-weapons","display_name":"ethics of autonomous weapons","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-law","display_name":"international law","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-relations","display_name":"power relations","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-security-regimes","display_name":"international security regimes","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-of-warfare","display_name":"nature of warfare","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.516569972038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5034834742546082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4619690775871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4581933915615082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4201139509677887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4188322424888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4066104590892792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38758212327957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.35132870078086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33535024523735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2905485928058624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2876155972480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2228434681892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-020-01048-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3474462957","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UNCE/HUM/037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309755","funder_display_name":"Univerzita Karlova v Praze"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309755","display_name":"Univerzita Karlova v Praze","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082272200.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082272200.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148292880","https://openalex.org/W150972595","https://openalex.org/W249316531","https://openalex.org/W581988121","https://openalex.org/W601550286","https://openalex.org/W601903569","https://openalex.org/W644066634","https://openalex.org/W1183758903","https://openalex.org/W1501402397","https://openalex.org/W1517061987","https://openalex.org/W1536176055","https://openalex.org/W1538016663","https://openalex.org/W1562553073","https://openalex.org/W1575390301","https://openalex.org/W1585374703","https://openalex.org/W1597750586","https://openalex.org/W1605102011","https://openalex.org/W1772100963","https://openalex.org/W1836242198","https://openalex.org/W1931018732","https://openalex.org/W1967009395","https://openalex.org/W1999480323","https://openalex.org/W2029590742","https://openalex.org/W2032161030","https://openalex.org/W2034290987","https://openalex.org/W2046155449","https://openalex.org/W2047232330","https://openalex.org/W2051843564","https://openalex.org/W2054837347","https://openalex.org/W2066638541","https://openalex.org/W2067752478","https://openalex.org/W2072326761","https://openalex.org/W2079643502","https://openalex.org/W2080830980","https://openalex.org/W2081617563","https://openalex.org/W2094401889","https://openalex.org/W2097091547","https://openalex.org/W2099627597","https://openalex.org/W2110269002","https://openalex.org/W2114702035","https://openalex.org/W2117702238","https://openalex.org/W2123000745","https://openalex.org/W2132378363","https://openalex.org/W2146899301","https://openalex.org/W2150946077","https://openalex.org/W2156977072","https://openalex.org/W2157615224","https://openalex.org/W2158136277","https://openalex.org/W2266189889","https://openalex.org/W2297802029","https://openalex.org/W2306595868","https://openalex.org/W2319521877","https://openalex.org/W2322987970","https://openalex.org/W2324763101","https://openalex.org/W2338187983","https://openalex.org/W2477732645","https://openalex.org/W2479059673","https://openalex.org/W2486412025","https://openalex.org/W2486791940","https://openalex.org/W2487878920","https://openalex.org/W2494352682","https://openalex.org/W2496644415","https://openalex.org/W2507434154","https://openalex.org/W2529815110","https://openalex.org/W2531633553","https://openalex.org/W2541579758","https://openalex.org/W2599722301","https://openalex.org/W2605547471","https://openalex.org/W2606281899","https://openalex.org/W2617034406","https://openalex.org/W2754356366","https://openalex.org/W2760467064","https://openalex.org/W2765888749","https://openalex.org/W2766404876","https://openalex.org/W2770781455","https://openalex.org/W2774606305","https://openalex.org/W2791639207","https://openalex.org/W2794636542","https://openalex.org/W2803361604","https://openalex.org/W2805848916","https://openalex.org/W2809164251","https://openalex.org/W2890208132","https://openalex.org/W2892347590","https://openalex.org/W2899329657","https://openalex.org/W2900861242","https://openalex.org/W2903401538","https://openalex.org/W2906269879","https://openalex.org/W2907796447","https://openalex.org/W2914905326","https://openalex.org/W2918858489","https://openalex.org/W2953104140","https://openalex.org/W2955514686","https://openalex.org/W2975640417","https://openalex.org/W2991321503","https://openalex.org/W3029295026","https://openalex.org/W3122230345","https://openalex.org/W3122869500","https://openalex.org/W3123349850","https://openalex.org/W3123962302","https://openalex.org/W3124158249","https://openalex.org/W3124719276","https://openalex.org/W3189909170","https://openalex.org/W3190049743","https://openalex.org/W4229971108","https://openalex.org/W4230585566","https://openalex.org/W4232036072","https://openalex.org/W4241025486","https://openalex.org/W4248962313","https://openalex.org/W4251512016","https://openalex.org/W4255329351","https://openalex.org/W4255410388","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298334718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154978201","https://openalex.org/W7151399566","https://openalex.org/W4411728719","https://openalex.org/W7111454564","https://openalex.org/W7162846082","https://openalex.org/W7215514039","https://openalex.org/W4414376015","https://openalex.org/W2965985321","https://openalex.org/W6894194356","https://openalex.org/W7028558342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,12,14,40,87,110],"this":[4,74],"article":[5,93],"is":[6,29,50,129],"to":[7,95,124],"provide":[8],"a":[9,70,80,121],"multi-perspective":[10],"examination":[11],"one":[13],"the":[15,33,38,98,105,111],"most":[16],"important":[17,45],"contemporary":[18],"security":[19,127],"issues:":[20],"weaponized,":[21],"and":[22,46,56,63,89,100,107],"especially":[23],"lethal,":[24],"artificial":[25],"intelligence.":[26],"This":[27,92],"technology":[28],"increasingly":[30],"associated":[31],"with":[32,55,85],"approaching":[34],"dramatic":[35],"change":[36],"in":[37],"nature":[39],"warfare.":[41],"What":[42],"becomes":[43,53],"particularly":[44],"evermore":[47],"intensely":[48],"contested":[49],"how":[51],"it":[52],"embedded":[54],"concurrently":[57],"impacts":[58],"two":[59],"social":[60],"structures:":[61],"ethics":[62],"law.":[64],"While":[65],"there":[66],"has":[67],"not":[68],"been":[69],"global":[71],"regime":[72],"banning":[73],"technology,":[75],"regulatory":[76,113],"attempts":[77],"at":[78],"establishing":[79],"ban":[81],"have":[82],"intensified":[83],"along":[84],"acts":[86],"resistance":[88],"blocking":[90],"coalitions.":[91],"aims":[94],"reflect":[96],"on":[97],"prospects":[99],"limitations,":[101],"as":[102,104],"well":[103],"ethical":[106],"legal":[108],"intensity,":[109],"emerging":[112],"framework.":[114],"To":[115],"allow":[116],"for":[117],"such":[118],"an":[119],"investigation,":[120],"power-analytical":[122],"approach":[123],"studying":[125],"international":[126],"regimes":[128],"utilized.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2020-09-08T00:00:00"}
