{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082233187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","title":"\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629","display_name":"\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082233187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","mag":"3082233187"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","pdf_url":"https://aladabj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/aladabjournal/article/download/902/682","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209768","display_name":"Al-Adab Journal","issn_l":"1994-473X","issn":["1994-473X","2706-9931"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Adab Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aladabj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/aladabjournal/article/download/902/682","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043214740","display_name":"Kamal Abdullah Hasan Al-Dulimi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27768575","display_name":"University of Anbar","ror":"https://ror.org/055a6gk50","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27768575"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal Abdullah Hasan Al-Dulimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anbar University / Faculty of Arts Geographical Department"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anbar University / Faculty of Arts Geographical Department","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27768575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006962150","display_name":"Marwa Mahrous Nassar Al-Mashhadani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27768575","display_name":"University of Anbar","ror":"https://ror.org/055a6gk50","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27768575"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwa Mahrous Nassar Al-Mashhadani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anbar University / Faculty of Arts Geographical Department"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anbar University / Faculty of Arts Geographical Department","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27768575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27768575"],"apc_list":{"value":100000,"currency":"IQD","value_usd":200},"apc_paid":{"value":100000,"currency":"IQD","value_usd":200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"133","first_page":"305","last_page":"326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12853","display_name":"Historical Geography and Geographical Thought","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12853","display_name":"Historical Geography and Geographical Thought","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12343","display_name":"Geography Education and Pedagogy","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13980","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-geography","display_name":"history of geography","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humboldt","display_name":"Humboldt","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ritter","display_name":"Ritter","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fieldwork","display_name":"fieldwork","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographical-discoveries","display_name":"geographical discoveries","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-geography","display_name":"scientific geography","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-approach","display_name":"inductive method","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography-as-a-discipline","display_name":"geography as a discipline","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2553744912147522}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","pdf_url":"https://aladabj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/aladabjournal/article/download/902/682","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209768","display_name":"Al-Adab Journal","issn_l":"1994-473X","issn":["1994-473X","2706-9931"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Adab Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9dfe8a6501ed483eab2ea47b2ec6adca","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9dfe8a6501ed483eab2ea47b2ec6adca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628, Iss 133 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i133.902","pdf_url":"https://aladabj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/aladabjournal/article/download/902/682","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209768","display_name":"Al-Adab Journal","issn_l":"1994-473X","issn":["1994-473X","2706-9931"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Adab Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7567999958992004,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082233187.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082233187.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584985454","https://openalex.org/W2085537259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6988105010","https://openalex.org/W3154942366","https://openalex.org/W2989853878","https://openalex.org/W7072427379","https://openalex.org/W7027852916","https://openalex.org/W4402647634","https://openalex.org/W4399928504","https://openalex.org/W4387199976","https://openalex.org/W6989509972","https://openalex.org/W4414164894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0645\u0639":[0,109],"\u0643\u0644":[1,71],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a":[2],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[3,58],"\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627":[4],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629":[5,40,54,77,117],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[6],"\u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629":[7],"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627":[8],"\u060c":[9,20,42,68],"\u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0651":[10],"\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0627":[11],"\u0638\u0644\u062a":[12],"\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a":[13],"\u0645\u0646":[14,35,100,118],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636":[15],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628":[16],"\u0641\u064a":[17,60,73,85,104,112],"\u0641\u0647\u0645":[18],"\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627":[19],"\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a":[21],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[22],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629":[23],"\u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649":[24,79,92,126],"\u0645\u0627":[25],"\u0642\u0628\u0644":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628":[27],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629":[28],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.":[29],"\u063a\u064a\u0631":[30],"\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e":[31],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[32],"\u0644\u0627":[33],"\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u062d":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[37,97],"\u0634\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647":[38],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629":[39,76],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[41,78],"\u0641\u0647\u0648":[43],"\u0635\u0631\u062d":[44],"\u0634\u0627\u0645\u062e":[45],"\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645":[46],"\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632":[47],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[48,130],"\u062f\u0631\u0628":[49],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631":[50],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a.":[51],"\u0644\u0642\u062f":[52],"\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a":[53],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649":[55,93],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645":[56],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[57],"\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b":[59],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646":[61],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631":[62],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629":[63],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629":[64],"\u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642":[65],"\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629":[66],"\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629":[67],"\u0625\u0650\u0630":[69,115],"\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644":[72],"\u0630\u0644\u0643":[74,105,113],"\u0627\u0644\u0649":[75],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646":[80],"(\u0647\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a":[81],"\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631)":[82],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646":[83],"\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627":[84],"\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621":[86],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629":[88,111],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629":[89],"\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627":[90],"\u0628\u0647\u0627":[91],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a":[95],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645":[96],"\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f":[98],"\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647":[99],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629":[101,124],"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629":[102],"\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646":[103],"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c":[106],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[107],"\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628":[108],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c":[110],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c":[114],"\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a":[116],"\u062c\u0645\u0639":[119],"\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a":[120],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629":[121],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629":[122],"\u0639\u0646":[123],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631":[125],"\u062d\u0642\u0644":[127],"\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a":[128],"\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f":[129],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644":[131],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2020-09-08T00:00:00"}