{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082219795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","title":"A dynamic and thermodynamic analysis of the 11 December 2017 tornadic supercell in the Highveld of South Africa","display_name":"A dynamic and thermodynamic analysis of the 11 December 2017 tornadic supercell in the Highveld of South Africa","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082219795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","mag":"3082219795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178013","display_name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","issn_l":"2698-4016","issn":["2698-4016"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029887904","display_name":"Lesetja E. Lekoloane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7408-218X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7408-218X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273996","display_name":"South African Weather Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03mef6610","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lesetja E. Lekoloane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Change Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa","South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7408-218X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Change Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041273163","display_name":"Mary-Jane Morongwa Bopape","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2111-4595","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2111-4595"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273996","display_name":"South African Weather Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03mef6610","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary-Jane M. Bopape","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103949017","display_name":"Gift Tshifhiwa Rambuwani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8865-3326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8865-3326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273996","display_name":"South African Weather Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03mef6610","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tshifhiwa Gift Rambuwani","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8865-3326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005404721","display_name":"Thando Ndarana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4408-8983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4408-8983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thando Ndarana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033073535","display_name":"Stephanie Landman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-933X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-933X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273996","display_name":"South African Weather Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03mef6610","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Landman","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083108268","display_name":"Puseletso Mofokeng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273996","display_name":"South African Weather Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03mef6610","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Puseletso Mofokeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa","South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023095026","display_name":"Morn\u00e9 Gijben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-3293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-3293"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273996","display_name":"South African Weather Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03mef6610","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morne Gijben","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025751649","display_name":"Ngwako Mohale","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800273996","display_name":"South African Weather Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03mef6610","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996","https://openalex.org/I2800683076"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngwako Mohale","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800273996"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029887904","https://openalex.org/A5103949017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I2800273996"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44030531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"373","last_page":"393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tornadic-supercell","display_name":"tornadic supercell","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tornadogenesis","display_name":"tornadogenesis","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/highveld","display_name":"Highveld","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dryline","display_name":"dryline","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-wind-shear","display_name":"vertical wind shear","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture-flux-convergence","display_name":"moisture convergence","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesocyclone","display_name":"mesocyclone","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-spacing-sensitivity","display_name":"grid spacing sensitivity","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-model","display_name":"unified model","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-convective-storms","display_name":"severe convective storms","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm-initiation","display_name":"storm initiation","score":0.34700000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70564525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002856","display_name":"Mesocyclone","level":4,"score":0.9429503083229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136498428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747894","display_name":"Supercell","level":3,"score":0.9235291481018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190930322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8081","display_name":"Tornado","level":2,"score":0.6028379201889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5270854830741882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80316258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857578","display_name":"Thunderstorm","level":2,"score":0.4688493013381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153981231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660968","display_name":"Mesoscale convective system","level":3,"score":0.45666933059692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4490004777908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40889066457748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3927493691444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3923622965812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40382383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2399824","display_name":"Mesoscale meteorology","level":2,"score":0.3100418150424957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2692481279373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19797241687774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178013","display_name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","issn_l":"2698-4016","issn":["2698-4016"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.5194/wcd-2020-34","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2020-34","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2020-34","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2020-34","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:357889df26754151914c7e497f6a28a0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/357889df26754151914c7e497f6a28a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics, Vol 2, Pp 373-393 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-373-2021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178013","display_name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","issn_l":"2698-4016","issn":["2698-4016"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7740868094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CR4D-19-11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327323","funder_display_name":"African Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321637","display_name":"Department for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05rf29967"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327323","display_name":"African Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05px9k635"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082219795.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082219795.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61223327","https://openalex.org/W199284525","https://openalex.org/W1036328212","https://openalex.org/W1527311758","https://openalex.org/W1588713494","https://openalex.org/W1789155650","https://openalex.org/W1979277934","https://openalex.org/W1985998423","https://openalex.org/W2004053954","https://openalex.org/W2004818798","https://openalex.org/W2010498097","https://openalex.org/W2023308405","https://openalex.org/W2025274119","https://openalex.org/W2029842101","https://openalex.org/W2031493360","https://openalex.org/W2033060029","https://openalex.org/W2039506462","https://openalex.org/W2048129304","https://openalex.org/W2065958470","https://openalex.org/W2066803439","https://openalex.org/W2075944447","https://openalex.org/W2095924757","https://openalex.org/W2114706272","https://openalex.org/W2119231659","https://openalex.org/W2133088826","https://openalex.org/W2137639805","https://openalex.org/W2139688465","https://openalex.org/W2159507917","https://openalex.org/W2160883209","https://openalex.org/W2172609137","https://openalex.org/W2173333665","https://openalex.org/W2175205738","https://openalex.org/W2326699005","https://openalex.org/W2402053623","https://openalex.org/W2411592073","https://openalex.org/W2477555870","https://openalex.org/W2530597942","https://openalex.org/W2566546937","https://openalex.org/W2734365782","https://openalex.org/W2749954878","https://openalex.org/W2886858165","https://openalex.org/W2911612786","https://openalex.org/W2913035986","https://openalex.org/W3000409260","https://openalex.org/W3041026667","https://openalex.org/W3185851976","https://openalex.org/W4210759170","https://openalex.org/W4211170314","https://openalex.org/W4211257092","https://openalex.org/W4229503313","https://openalex.org/W4229659072","https://openalex.org/W4240836015","https://openalex.org/W6892329213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3181920833","https://openalex.org/W1036328212","https://openalex.org/W2018710088","https://openalex.org/W2790093420","https://openalex.org/W4390674185","https://openalex.org/W2901935706","https://openalex.org/W2954254092","https://openalex.org/W2914310668","https://openalex.org/W4391151092","https://openalex.org/W2606020980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"On":[1],"11":[2],"December":[3],"2017,":[4],"a":[5,46,82,118,124,222,240,292],"tornadic":[6,106],"supercell":[7,26,113],"initiated":[8,114],"and":[9,33,37,86,134,156,159,195,197,256,260,280],"moved":[10],"through":[11],"the":[12,50,54,68,73,79,92,154,169,176,182,190,199,204,207,237,247,250,271,295],"northern":[13],"Highveld":[14,272],"region":[15,273],"of":[16,39,53,75,81,88,91,117,120,148,175,216,221,228,239,274,297],"South":[17,275],"Africa":[18,276],"for":[19,137,285],"7":[20,138],"h.":[21],"A":[22,225],"tornado":[23],"from":[24,153],"this":[25,58,76,105,112],"led":[27,71],"to":[28,31,36,66,72,99,142,212,234,252,277,294],"extensive":[29],"damage":[30],"infrastructure":[32],"caused":[34],"injury":[35],"displacement":[38],"over":[40,123,270],"1000":[41],"people":[42],"in":[43,49,64,103,132,287],"Vaal":[44],"Marina,":[45],"town":[47],"located":[48],"extreme":[51],"south":[52],"Gauteng":[55],"Province.":[56],"In":[57],"study":[59],"we":[60],"conducted":[61],"an":[62,146],"analysis":[63],"order":[65,215],"understand":[67,278],"conditions":[69],"that":[70,111,168,220],"severity":[74],"supercell,":[77],"including":[78],"formation":[80],"tornado.":[83],"The":[84],"dynamics":[85,282],"thermodynamics":[87],"two":[89],"configurations":[90],"Unified":[93],"Model":[94],"(UM)":[95],"were":[96],"also":[97,166,244],"analysed":[98],"assess":[100],"their":[101],"performance":[102],"predicting":[104],"supercell.":[107],"It":[108,164],"was":[109,165,210],"found":[110,167,211],"as":[115],"part":[116],"cluster":[119],"multicellular":[121],"thunderstorms":[122],"dry":[125],"line,":[126],"with":[127],"three":[128],"ingredients":[129],"being":[130],"important":[131],"strengthening":[133],"maintaining":[135],"it":[136],"h:":[139],"significant":[140],"surface":[141,251],"mid-level":[143,161,208,253],"vertical":[144],"shear,":[145],"abundance":[147],"low-level":[149,191,257],"warm":[150,192],"moisture":[151,193,261],"influx":[152],"tropics":[155],"Mozambique":[157],"Channel,":[158],"steep":[160],"lapse":[162],"rates.":[163],"4.4":[170,229],"km":[171,184,230],"grid":[172,185,226],"spacing":[173,186],"configuration":[174],"model":[177,248],"(SA4.4)":[178],"performed":[179],"better":[180],"than":[181,219],"1.5":[183],"version.":[187],"SA1.5":[188],"underestimated":[189,249],"advection":[194],"convergence,":[196],"missed":[198],"storm":[200],"initiation.":[201],"SA4.4":[202],"captured":[203],"supercell;":[205],"however,":[206],"vorticity":[209],"be":[213],"1":[214],"magnitude":[217],"smaller":[218],"typical":[223],"mesocyclone.":[224],"length":[227],"is":[231],"too":[232],"coarse":[233],"fully":[235],"capture":[236],"details":[238],"mesocyclone,":[241],"which":[242],"may":[243],"explain":[245],"why":[246],"wind":[254],"shear":[255],"horizontal":[258],"mass":[259],"flux":[262],"convergence.":[263],"Future":[264],"investigations":[265],"will":[266],"involve":[267],"experimental":[268],"research":[269],"mesoscale":[279],"local":[281],"processes":[283],"responsible":[284],"tornadogenesis":[286],"some":[288],"severe":[289],"storms.":[290],"Such":[291],"study,":[293],"best":[296],"our":[298],"knowledge,":[299],"has":[300],"never":[301],"been":[302],"conducted.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2020-09-08T00:00:00"}