{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081908110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","title":"An Investigation of Patient Safety Culture: The Beginning for Quality and Safety Improvement Plans in Patient Care Services","display_name":"An Investigation of Patient Safety Culture: The Beginning for Quality and Safety Improvement Plans in Patient Care Services","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081908110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","mag":"3081908110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","pdf_url":"http://healthjournal.arums.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_902ca9/mohamadkian-A-10-608-139-cd02fe4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306537810","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a","issn_l":"2228-7183","issn":["2228-7183","2228-7191"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://healthjournal.arums.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_902ca9/mohamadkian-A-10-608-139-cd02fe4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025185579","display_name":"Elnaz Rahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-5620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-5620"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E Rahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":[". MSc Student of Occupational Health Engineering , Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering , School of Health , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran",". Asistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran",". MSc Student of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". MSc Student of Occupational Health Engineering , Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering , School of Health , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Asistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". MSc Student of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110707286","display_name":"SH Alizadeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"SH* Alizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Asistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran",". MSc Student of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Asistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". MSc Student of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084207802","display_name":"A R Safaeian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33103891","display_name":"Ardabil University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04n4dcv16","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33103891"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AR Safaeian","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Asistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran",". Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran",". Instructor, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran",". MSc Student of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Asistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33103891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Instructor, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". MSc Student of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064432259","display_name":"Nategh Abbasgholizadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1749-912X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1749-912X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163205636","display_name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04krpx645","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33103891","display_name":"Ardabil University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04n4dcv16","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33103891"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Abbasgholizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Asistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran",". Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran",". Instructor, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran",". MSc Student of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Asistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33103891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Instructor, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". MSc Student of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health and safety Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025185579","https://openalex.org/A5110707286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163205636"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8767,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78207541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"235","last_page":"247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10508","display_name":"Patient Safety and Medication Errors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10508","display_name":"Patient Safety and Medication Errors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12174","display_name":"Hospital Admissions and Outcomes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-safety-culture","display_name":"patient safety culture","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-errors","display_name":"medical errors","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-reporting","display_name":"error reporting","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-punitive-response-to-error","display_name":"non-punitive response to error","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teamwork-within-units","display_name":"teamwork within units","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-attitudes","display_name":"employee attitudes","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurse-staffing","display_name":"nurse staffing","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-safety-improvement","display_name":"patient safety improvement","score":0.5180000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779240384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1561274","display_name":"Safety culture","level":2,"score":0.8252488970756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.8032267093658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111226992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626225","display_name":"Teamwork","level":2,"score":0.7180461883544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5258508324623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4871537387371063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.43873047828674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43318843841552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67674302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730573","display_name":"Organizational culture","level":2,"score":0.4192248582839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4084528088569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.4030947685241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3846285939216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.08593210577964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","pdf_url":"http://healthjournal.arums.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_902ca9/mohamadkian-A-10-608-139-cd02fe4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306537810","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a","issn_l":"2228-7183","issn":["2228-7183","2228-7191"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29252/j.health.11.2.235","pdf_url":"http://healthjournal.arums.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_902ca9/mohamadkian-A-10-608-139-cd02fe4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306537810","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a","issn_l":"2228-7183","issn":["2228-7183","2228-7191"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081908110.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081908110.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198001724","https://openalex.org/W1146317278","https://openalex.org/W1485221381","https://openalex.org/W1775091701","https://openalex.org/W1920209659","https://openalex.org/W1937529387","https://openalex.org/W1972710958","https://openalex.org/W1978237455","https://openalex.org/W1990235174","https://openalex.org/W2018970560","https://openalex.org/W2053084191","https://openalex.org/W2080127054","https://openalex.org/W2085600210","https://openalex.org/W2092910683","https://openalex.org/W2100289753","https://openalex.org/W2100412867","https://openalex.org/W2106677708","https://openalex.org/W2140108542","https://openalex.org/W2162608844","https://openalex.org/W2166858912","https://openalex.org/W2185941485","https://openalex.org/W2186078852","https://openalex.org/W2192788935","https://openalex.org/W2217090212","https://openalex.org/W2259300454","https://openalex.org/W2260492185","https://openalex.org/W2266211545","https://openalex.org/W2266769240","https://openalex.org/W2279723826","https://openalex.org/W2294590941","https://openalex.org/W2297625427","https://openalex.org/W2300176418","https://openalex.org/W2302081291","https://openalex.org/W2330072520","https://openalex.org/W2345241566","https://openalex.org/W2346834216","https://openalex.org/W2408203647","https://openalex.org/W2502568695","https://openalex.org/W2520121125","https://openalex.org/W2726219338","https://openalex.org/W2773751875","https://openalex.org/W2993065937","https://openalex.org/W2993392649","https://openalex.org/W4205986008","https://openalex.org/W4382010103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3028951248","https://openalex.org/W4386003529","https://openalex.org/W3208762825","https://openalex.org/W4283360562","https://openalex.org/W1549901037","https://openalex.org/W2288864212","https://openalex.org/W2895286352","https://openalex.org/W1863720831","https://openalex.org/W4366710105","https://openalex.org/W4387585232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"&":[1,172],"objectives:":[2],"Medical":[3,91],"errors":[4],"are":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,13,26,56,69,75,84,87,90,110,129,142,148,162,170,184,192,194,206,231,258,267,279],"the":[8,24,54,67,108,121,146,157,168,190,204,236,256,265,270],"five":[9],"most":[10,219],"common":[11],"causes":[12],"death.Patient":[14],"safety":[15,30,47,71,112,131,150,233,280],"is":[16,247,252],"an":[17],"important":[18],"issue":[19],"in":[20,32,49,66,107,156,218,235,262,291],"healthcare":[21],"systems,":[22],"and":[23,37,52,96,115,127,154,177,198,269,281,286],"existence":[25],"a":[27,97],"strong":[28],"patient":[29,46,70,111,130,149,232],"culture":[31,48,151,234],"hospitals":[33,51,86,238],"influences":[34],"safety-related":[35],"behaviors":[36],"reduces":[38],"medical":[39],"errors.The":[40],"present":[41],"study":[42,78],"aimed":[43],"to":[44,63,119,145,167,189,201,213,240,254,264,272],"evaluate":[45],"Ardabil":[50,88],"investigate":[53],"attitude":[55,205],"employees":[57,207,221],"towards":[58,208],"their":[59,64,104,209,214,223,227],"own":[60,105,210],"performance":[61,211,224],"compared":[62,212],"colleagues":[65,215],"field":[68,109],"culture.Methods:":[72],"The":[73,229],"data":[74],"this":[76],"cross-sectional":[77],"were":[79,117],"collected":[80],"from":[81],"420":[82],"staff":[83,101,125,246,274,285],"four":[85],"University":[89],"Sciences":[92],"by":[93,245],"HSOPSC":[94],"questionnaire":[95,99],"researcher-made":[98],"for":[100,136],"opinions":[102],"on":[103],"practice":[106],"culture.One-way":[113],"Anova":[114],"T-tests":[116],"used":[118,135],"determine":[120],"statistical":[122],"relationship":[123],"between":[124],"demographics":[126],"dimensions":[128,147,169,191],"culture.SPSS24":[132],"software":[133],"was":[134,152,155,165,187],"analysis.":[137],"Results:The":[138],"overall":[139],"mean":[140],"percentage":[141,161,183],"positive":[143,163,185],"response":[144,186],"57.71%":[153],"middle":[158],"range.The":[159],"highest":[160],"responses":[164],"related":[166,188],"\"Feedback":[171],"Communication":[173],"about":[174],"Error\"":[175],"(86.82%)":[176],"\"Teamwork":[178],"within":[179],"Units\"":[180],"(86.64%).The":[181],"lowest":[182],"\"Frequency":[193],"Events":[195],"Reported\"":[196],"(24.83%)":[197],"\"Non-punitive":[199],"Response":[200],"Errors\"":[202],"(27.93%).Investigating":[203],"shows":[216],"that":[217],"dimensions,":[220],"perceive":[222],"better":[225],"than":[226],"colleagues.Conclusions:":[228],"status":[230],"studied":[237],"needs":[239],"be":[241],"improved.The":[242],"error":[243],"reporting":[244],"also":[248],"very":[249],"low.Therefore,":[250],"it":[251],"necessary":[253],"increase":[255],"number":[257,266],"staff,":[259],"especially":[260],"nurses":[261],"proportion":[263],"patients":[268],"workload,":[271],"reduce":[273],"working":[275],"hours,":[276],"adopt":[277],"policies":[278],"non-punitive":[282],"culture,":[283],"support":[284],"implement":[287],"effective":[288],"training":[289],"programs":[290],"hospitals.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}