{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081035","doi":null,"title":"Decolonization and state-building in South Asia","display_name":"Decolonization and state-building in South Asia","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081035","mag":"3081035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lse.ac.uk:16855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/16855/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401593","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111486957","display_name":"Sumantra Bose","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sumantra Bose","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111486957"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1538,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90174336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"1","first_page":"95","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13029","display_name":"South Asian Studies and Conflicts","score":0.5189999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13029","display_name":"South Asian Studies and Conflicts","score":0.5189999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14141","display_name":"Colonial History and Postcolonial Studies","score":0.21979999542236328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12550","display_name":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","score":0.04479999840259552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decolonization","display_name":"decolonization","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-building","display_name":"state building","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sri-lanka","display_name":"Sri Lanka","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-national-congress","display_name":"Indian National Congress","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-consolidation","display_name":"democratic consolidation","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-authoritarianism","display_name":"military authoritarianism","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-polarization","display_name":"ethnic polarization","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sinhalese-tamil-conflict","display_name":"Sinhalese-Tamil conflict","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition-of-india","display_name":"Partition of India","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-legitimacy","display_name":"political legitimacy","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-politics","display_name":"comparative politics","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-asia","display_name":"South Asia","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-war","display_name":"civil war","score":0.32899999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5524297952651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.520183801651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4929513931274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4710012972354889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.4423760771751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4400224983692169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135121143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182034","display_name":"Hegemony","level":3,"score":0.4220670163631439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.379302054643631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.34789660573005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24239087104797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21087181568145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13683786988258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lse.ac.uk:16855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/16855/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401593","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lse.ac.uk:16855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/16855/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400050","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:3081035","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-126654864/decolonization-and-state-building-in-south-asia","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14378380","display_name":"Journal of international affairs","issn_l":"0022-197X","issn":["0022-197X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316010","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316010"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Columbia University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of international affairs","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.833299994468689}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3109784364","https://openalex.org/W584990952","https://openalex.org/W1514892194","https://openalex.org/W4285531626","https://openalex.org/W2886982066","https://openalex.org/W143197629","https://openalex.org/W7048454021","https://openalex.org/W4232978026","https://openalex.org/W4385493503","https://openalex.org/W4214742474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,179,509],"article":[1],"is":[2,70,325,382,497],"a":[3,158,283,291,408,605],"retrospective":[4],"survey":[5],"and":[6,44,80,88,118,151,185,199,206,212,220,271,280,311,373,385,388,421,466,475,493,532,541,550,563,587,597],"assessment":[7],"of":[8,17,59,67,102,125,138,190,251,255,263,278,287,297,361,391,407,418,458,464,468,485,505,518,543,560,607],"political":[9,73,409,544,555,564],"development":[10,289],"in":[11,146,149,238,265,317,396,414,446,480,528,557,581,585],"the":[12,18,64,72,92,103,123,128,136,139,154,170,173,223,234,247,252,268,276,295,301,308,321,329,343,346,350,357,386,397,401,404,439,455,459,486,506,515,539,558],"three":[13,97],"newly":[14],"independent":[15,431,602],"states":[16,98,254,481,603],"South":[19,256],"Asian":[20],"subcontinent":[21],"during":[22,91,222,430,454],"their":[23,392],"first":[24,93,235,299,347,433,456],"decade,":[25,300,434],"from":[26],"1947":[27,43],"to":[28,85,166,177,196,209,267,327,332,367,403,443,499,523,530,547,583],"1958.":[29,239],"Of":[30],"these,":[31],"Pakistan":[32,79,372,586,598],"gained":[33],"independence":[34],"on":[35,40,51,164,378,525],"August":[36,41],"14,":[37],"1947,":[38],"India":[39,596],"15,":[42],"Sri":[45,81,240,374,449,588],"Lanka":[46,82,241,375],"(known":[47],"then":[48],"as":[49,483,601],"Ceylon)":[50],"February":[52],"4,":[53],"1948.":[54],"The":[55,225,424],"most":[56,248],"striking":[57],"finding":[58],"this":[60,428],"backward":[61],"glance":[62],"at":[63],"early":[65,322],"history":[66],"these":[68,108,335,570],"countries":[69],"that":[71,274,334,345,356,479,537],"patterns":[74],"which":[75,191,315,488],"would":[76],"dominate":[77],"India,":[78,115,279,371],"for":[83,290,352],"decades":[84,354],"come":[86],"emerged":[87],"were":[89,99,109,192,339,376,572,599],"consolidated":[90],"decade.":[94],"Although":[95],"all":[96],"formerly":[100],"colonies":[101],"same":[104],"imperial":[105],"power,":[106],"Britain,":[107],"very":[110,336],"different":[111,337,380],"patterns.":[112],"(1)":[113],"In":[114,202,448],"democratic":[116,204],"processes":[117,205],"institutions":[119,207],"took":[120],"root":[121,211],"under":[122],"dominance":[124],"one":[126],"party,":[127],"Indian":[174],"National":[130,156],"Congress,":[131,157],"whose":[132],"hegemony":[133],"lasted":[134],"until":[135],"end":[137,296],"1980s,":[140],"with":[141,217,245,411,577],"only":[142],"occasional":[143],"hiccups,":[144],"notably":[145],"general":[147],"elections":[148],"1967":[150],"1977.":[152],"Under":[153],"moderately":[159],"stable":[160],"state":[161,200,460,526],"structure":[162],"based":[163],"decentralization":[165],"numerous":[167],"ethnolinguistic":[168],"units,":[169],"States":[171],"comprising":[172],"Union,":[175],"began":[176,242],"evolve.":[178],"happened":[180],"despite":[181],"India's":[182,432,575],"endemic":[183],"poverty":[184],"vast":[186],"social":[187,288,562],"diversity,":[188],"both":[189],"conventionally":[193],"considered":[194],"impediments":[195],"sustainable":[197],"democratization":[198],"stability.":[201],"Pakistan,":[203],"failed":[208,442],"take":[210],"civilian":[213],"rule":[214],"became":[215],"identified":[216],"growing":[218,469],"corruption":[219],"chaos":[221],"1950s.":[224],"country's":[226],"drift":[227],"into":[228,304,461],"military-bureaucratic":[229],"authoritarianism":[230],"was":[231],"sealed":[232],"by":[233,259,282,320,574],"military":[236],"coup":[237],"its":[243,298,415,436],"life":[244],"perhaps":[246],"favorable":[249],"circumstances":[250],"new":[253],"Asia,":[257],"marked":[258],"an":[260,462],"orderly":[261],"transfer":[262],"power":[264,545,556],"contrast":[266],"mass":[269],"killings":[270],"population":[272],"transfers":[273],"accompanied":[275],"partition":[277],"fortified":[281],"relatively":[284],"high":[285],"standard":[286],"colony.":[292],"But":[293,342],"toward":[294],"island":[302],"sank":[303],"ethnic":[305,470,492],"polarization":[306],"between":[307],"majority":[309],"Sinhalese":[310],"minority":[312],"Tamil":[313],"communities,":[314],"culminated":[316],"civil":[318],"war":[319],"1980s.":[323],"It":[324],"important":[326],"resist":[328],"teleological":[330],"temptation":[331],"assert":[333],"outcomes":[338],"not":[340],"inevitable.":[341],"fact":[344],"decade":[348,457],"set":[349,377],"pattern":[351],"subsequent":[353],"suggests":[355],"formative,":[358],"transitional":[359],"period":[360,517],"statehood":[362,519],"could":[363],"be":[364,548],"extremely":[365],"crucial":[366],"future":[368],"prospects.":[369],"Why":[370],"such":[379,482],"paths":[381],"explained":[383],"below,":[384,569],"comparative":[387],"contemporary":[389],"implications":[390],"experiences":[393],"are":[394],"stated":[395],"conclusion.":[398],"I":[399,477],"emphasize":[400],"importance":[402],"state-building":[405],"process":[406],"organization":[410],"broad":[412],"legitimacy":[413],"society,":[416],"capable":[417],"aggregating":[419],"interest":[420],"identity":[422],"groups.":[423,565],"Congress":[425],"party":[426,451],"discharged":[427],"role":[429],"while":[435],"Pakistani":[437],"counterpart,":[438],"Muslim":[440],"League,":[441],"do":[444],"so":[445],"Pakistan.":[447],"Lanka,":[450],"politics":[452],"degenerated":[453],"arena":[463],"expression":[465],"exacerbation":[467],"conflict":[471],"rather":[472,552],"than":[473,553],"mediation":[474],"accommodation.":[476],"underscore":[478],"those":[484],"subcontinent,":[487],"include":[489],"diverse":[490],"religious,":[491],"linguistic":[494],"groups,":[495],"it":[496],"critical":[498],"fashion":[500],"ala":[501],"inclusive,":[502],"accommodative":[503],"definition":[504],"word":[507],"nation.":[508],"involves":[510],"several":[511],"interrelated":[512],"challenges.":[513],"During":[514],"formative":[516],"judicious":[520],"decisions":[521],"need":[522],"made":[524],"policies":[527],"relation":[529],"religion":[531],"language.":[533],"An":[534],"institutional":[535],"framework":[536],"encourages":[538],"sharing":[540],"dispersion":[542],"needs":[546],"devised":[549],"consolidated,":[551],"concentrating":[554],"hands":[559],"particular":[561],"As":[566],"we":[567],"see":[568],"tasks":[571],"handled":[573],"leaders":[576],"considerably":[578],"greater":[579],"competence":[580],"comparison":[582],"elites":[584],"Lanka.":[589],"INDIA":[590],"AND":[591,594],"PAKISTAN:":[592],"PARTITION":[593],"INDEPENDENCE":[595],"born":[600],"amidst":[604],"bloodbath":[606],"appalling":[608],"proportions.":[609],"\u2026":[610]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}