{"id":"https://openalex.org/W30748590","doi":null,"title":"Simulation of Wind Farms in Flat & Complex terrain using CFD","display_name":"Simulation of Wind Farms in Flat & Complex terrain using CFD","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W30748590","mag":"30748590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:30748590","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/5247370/TORQUE%202010%20Full%20paper.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052439426","display_name":"John Prospathopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-8807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-8807"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Prospathopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Renewable Energy Resources and Saving"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-8807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Renewable Energy Resources and Saving","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039367215","display_name":"D. Cabez\u00f3n","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Cabez\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110246783","display_name":"E. S. Politis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. S. Politis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Renewable Energy Resources and Saving"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Renewable Energy Resources and Saving","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072413150","display_name":"Panagiotis K. Chaviaropoulos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Chaviaropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Renewable Energy Resources and Saving"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Renewable Energy Resources and Saving","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111625383","display_name":"Konstantinos Rados","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Rados","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Technical University Of Athens"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Technical University Of Athens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021291923","display_name":"J.C. Schepers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802259095","display_name":"Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands","ror":"https://ror.org/04xa4c474","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802259095"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.C. Schepers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy research Centre of the Netherlands ECN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy research Centre of the Netherlands ECN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802259095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020566060","display_name":"Kurt Schaldemose Hansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-3855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-3855"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt Schaldemose Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-3855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067324854","display_name":"R. J. Barthelmie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0403-6046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0403-6046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. J. Barthelmie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0403-6046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00492756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"359","last_page":"370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-farms","display_name":"wind farms","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power-generation","display_name":"wind power generation","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-terrain","display_name":"complex terrain","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flat-terrain","display_name":"flat terrain","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator-disk-model","display_name":"actuator disk model","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wake-velocity-deficit","display_name":"wake deficit","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence-model-correction","display_name":"turbulence model correction","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-epsilon-turbulence-model","display_name":"k-epsilon turbulence model","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-omega-turbulence-model","display_name":"k-omega turbulence model","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-wake","display_name":"near wake","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-turbine-wakes","display_name":"wind turbine wakes","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrust-coefficient","display_name":"thrust coefficient","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/navier-stokes-simulation","display_name":"Navier-Stokes simulation","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48939323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294879","display_name":"Wake","level":2,"score":0.7409811019897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.7118745446205139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.6425718069076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.5978408455848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.5489792823791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79420006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533668","display_name":"Thrust","level":2,"score":0.5107800960540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4840344786643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.416401207447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4111790060997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.36982858180999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.35223355889320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.337979793548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3370102345943451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32584309577941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2688341736793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26808369159698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2476884126663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16436076164245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14491397142410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:30748590","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/5247370/TORQUE%202010%20Full%20paper.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84889040","https://openalex.org/W174690966","https://openalex.org/W190151277","https://openalex.org/W428808074","https://openalex.org/W1588223274","https://openalex.org/W1667277804","https://openalex.org/W1985085737","https://openalex.org/W1998685164","https://openalex.org/W2038927595","https://openalex.org/W2084268168","https://openalex.org/W2101655826","https://openalex.org/W2130523818","https://openalex.org/W2134843786","https://openalex.org/W2945252820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2809525706","https://openalex.org/W206407705","https://openalex.org/W1919142796","https://openalex.org/W15503986","https://openalex.org/W2930229420","https://openalex.org/W144634765","https://openalex.org/W830234913","https://openalex.org/W3149453078","https://openalex.org/W2804755282","https://openalex.org/W2518045923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Use":[0],"of":[1,57,78,101,128,140,197],"computational":[2],"fluid":[3],"dynamic":[4],"(CFD)":[5],"methods":[6],"to":[7,149],"predict":[8],"the":[9,39,62,72,79,99,104,112,126,131,138,141,150,160,165,191,195,198,204,211,221,229],"power":[10],"production":[11],"from":[12,111],"wind":[13,15,47,73,105,173],"entire":[14],"farms":[16],"in":[17,24,125,179,187],"flat":[18,180,192],"and":[19,41,182],"complex":[20,188,212],"terrain":[21,132,181,193,213],"is":[22,69,93,116,123,133,147,157,169],"presented":[23],"this":[25,227],"paper.":[26],"Two":[27],"full":[28],"3D":[29],"Navier\u2013Stokes":[30],"solvers":[31],"for":[32,137,164],"incompressible":[33],"flow":[34],"are":[35,50,216,224],"employed":[36],"that":[37,87],"incorporate":[38],"k\u2013e":[40],"k\u2013\u03c9":[42],"turbulence":[43,151,154,205],"models":[44],"respectively.":[45],"The":[46,66,153],"turbines":[48],"(W/Ts)":[49],"modelled":[51],"as":[52],"momentum":[53],"absorbers":[54],"by":[55],"means":[56],"their":[58],"thrust":[59,68],"coefficient":[60],"using":[61,71,159],"actuator":[63],"disk":[64],"approach.":[65],"WT":[67],"estimated":[70],"speed":[74,106],"one":[75,177,185],"diameter":[76],"upstream":[77],"rotor":[80,113],"at":[81,107],"hub":[82],"height.":[83],"An":[84],"alternative":[85],"method":[86,97,201,232],"employs":[88],"an":[89],"induction-factor":[90],"based":[91],"concept":[92],"also":[94],"tested.":[95],"This":[96],"features":[98],"advantage":[100],"not":[102,234],"utilizing":[103],"a":[108,117,121,145,175],"specific":[109],"distance":[110],"disk,":[114],"which":[115,223],"doubtful":[118],"approximation":[119],"when":[120],"W/T":[122],"located":[124,178,186],"wake":[127,143],"another":[129,183],"and/or":[130],"complex.":[134],"To":[135],"account":[136],"underestimation":[139],"near":[142],"deficit,":[144],"correction":[146,206],"introduced":[148],"model.":[152],"time":[155],"scale":[156],"bounded":[158],"general":[161],"\u201crealizability\u201d":[162],"constraint":[163],"turbulent":[166],"velocities.":[167],"Application":[168],"made":[170],"on":[171],"two":[172],"farms,":[174],"five-machine":[176],"43-machine":[184],"terrain.":[189],"In":[190,210,226],"case,":[194,214,228],"combination":[196],"induction":[199,230],"factor":[200,231],"along":[202],"with":[203,220],"provides":[207],"satisfactory":[208,236],"results.":[209,237],"there":[215],"some":[217],"significant":[218],"discrepancies":[219],"measurements,":[222],"discussed.":[225],"does":[233],"provide":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}