{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3069986178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2020.1798012","title":"Emissions associated with operations of four different additive manufacturing or 3D printing technologies","display_name":"Emissions associated with operations of four different additive manufacturing or 3D printing technologies","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3069986178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2020.1798012","mag":"3069986178","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32809925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15459624.2020.1798012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2020.1798012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2020.1798012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150963864","display_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","issn_l":"1545-9624","issn":["1545-9624","1545-9632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062002532","display_name":"Rachel E. Zisook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5230"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rachel E. Zisook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardno ChemRisk, San Francisco, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardno ChemRisk, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Brooke D. Simmons","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brooke D. Simmons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardno ChemRisk, San Francisco, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardno ChemRisk, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043913234","display_name":"Mark F. Vater","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Vater","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardno ChemRisk, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardno ChemRisk, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074697571","display_name":"Angela L. P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9605-457X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9605-457X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["CTEH, Portland, Oregon, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CTEH, Portland, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110027798","display_name":"Ellen P. Donovan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13383945","display_name":"Exponent (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzb3z02","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13383945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen P. Donovan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exponent Inc, Menlo Park, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exponent Inc, Menlo Park, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13383945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083865206","display_name":"Dennis J. Paustenbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-4706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-4706","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-7731"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis J. Paustenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paustenbach and Associates, Jackson, Wyoming, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paustenbach and Associates, Jackson, Wyoming, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019750730","display_name":"William D. Cyrs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-7374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-7374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109380","display_name":"Tesla (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpcqm42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William D. Cyrs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tesla, Fremont, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tesla, Fremont, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062002532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89642274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"464","last_page":"479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.7583000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.7583000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.08060000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":0.052000001072883606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/material-extrusion","display_name":"material extrusion","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene","display_name":"ABS","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/material-jetting","display_name":"material jetting","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powder-bed-fusion","display_name":"powder bed fusion","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vat-photopolymerization","display_name":"vat photopolymerization","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volatile-organic-compounds","display_name":"volatile organic compounds","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticles","display_name":"nanoparticles","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/submicron-particles","display_name":"submicron particles","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respirable-dust","display_name":"respirable dust","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-rates","display_name":"emission rates","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure-assessment","display_name":"occupational exposure assessment","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure-limits","display_name":"occupational exposure limits","score":0.6869999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778958987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139143","display_name":"Extrusion","level":2,"score":0.680565595626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.6125203967094421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15487406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631097","display_name":"Photopolymer","level":4,"score":0.573130190372467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5494810342788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.501671552658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781431410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143496","display_name":"Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene","level":2,"score":0.46262335777282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.44886836409568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.424172043800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3535723090171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.3026247024536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.29361724853515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.19177943468093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44228677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898","display_name":"Polymerization","level":3,"score":0.10070589184761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010316","descriptor_name":"Particle Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016902","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution, Indoor","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D052638","descriptor_name":"Particulate Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053758","descriptor_name":"Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055549","descriptor_name":"Volatile Organic Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066330","descriptor_name":"Printing, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15459624.2020.1798012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2020.1798012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2020.1798012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150963864","display_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","issn_l":"1545-9624","issn":["1545-9624","1545-9632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32809925","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32809925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W877299181","https://openalex.org/W1968060301","https://openalex.org/W1972075777","https://openalex.org/W1975907534","https://openalex.org/W2018667883","https://openalex.org/W2062921064","https://openalex.org/W2092409723","https://openalex.org/W2127304106","https://openalex.org/W2162157477","https://openalex.org/W2183470152","https://openalex.org/W2225373060","https://openalex.org/W2273639374","https://openalex.org/W2278874373","https://openalex.org/W2302207231","https://openalex.org/W2408575227","https://openalex.org/W2428998648","https://openalex.org/W2460279392","https://openalex.org/W2496503408","https://openalex.org/W2538006312","https://openalex.org/W2602141707","https://openalex.org/W2605818096","https://openalex.org/W2609835668","https://openalex.org/W2743649062","https://openalex.org/W2748190431","https://openalex.org/W2753296311","https://openalex.org/W2757735757","https://openalex.org/W2759288234","https://openalex.org/W2792503018","https://openalex.org/W2794189671","https://openalex.org/W2797733904","https://openalex.org/W2810438884","https://openalex.org/W2899932708","https://openalex.org/W2903669260","https://openalex.org/W2944897632","https://openalex.org/W2949469493","https://openalex.org/W2989825827","https://openalex.org/W3137873875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6989423780","https://openalex.org/W2899932708","https://openalex.org/W3171614236","https://openalex.org/W4414193955","https://openalex.org/W4214884613","https://openalex.org/W3136735956","https://openalex.org/W7215146696","https://openalex.org/W4284672591","https://openalex.org/W3213760568","https://openalex.org/W2902761725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,210,242,260],"pilot-scale":[2,211,243],"study,":[3,244],"a":[4,90,160],"wide":[5],"range":[6],"of":[7,15,51,61,83,164,176,194,203,209,259,263],"potential":[8,62],"emissions":[9,186,216],"were":[10,57,86,102,106,125,187,199,238],"evaluated":[11],"for":[12,59,153],"four":[13],"types":[14],"additive":[16],"manufacturing":[17],"(AM)":[18],"machines.":[19],"These":[20],"included":[21,286],"material":[22,27,128,154,180,268],"extrusion":[23,129,155,269],"(using":[24,29,35,40],"acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene":[25],"[ABS]);":[26],"jetting":[28,181],"liquid":[30,41],"photopolymer);":[31],"powder":[32,183,204,280],"bed":[33,184,205,281],"fusion":[34,206,282],"nylon);":[36],"and":[37,67,74,78,96,196,226,232,272],"vat":[38],"photopolymerization":[39],"photopolymer)":[42],"in":[43,241,287],"an":[44],"industrial":[45],"laboratory":[46],"setting.":[47],"During":[48,174],"isolated":[49],"operation":[50],"AM":[52,118,219],"machines,":[53],"adjacent":[54],"area":[55],"samples":[56,237],"collected":[58,240],"compounds":[60,71,85],"concern":[63],"(COPCs),":[64],"including":[65],"total":[66,82,197],"individual":[68],"volatile":[69],"organic":[70],"(VOCs),":[72],"nano-":[73],"micron-sized":[75],"particulate":[76],"matter,":[77],"inorganic":[79],"gases.":[80],"A":[81],"61":[84],"also":[87],"sampled":[88],"using":[89,131,179,279],"canister":[91],"followed":[92],"by":[93],"gas":[94],"chromatography":[95],"mass":[97],"spectrometry":[98],"analysis.":[99],"Most":[100],"COPCs":[101],"not":[103,239],"detected":[104],"or":[105,182],"measured":[107,200],"at":[108,133],"concentrations":[109,191],"far":[110],"below":[111],"relevant":[112],"occupational":[113],"exposure":[114,253,288],"limits":[115],"(OELs)":[116],"during":[117,127,201,267],"machine":[119],"operations.":[120],"Submicron":[121],"particles,":[122],"predominantly":[123],"nanoparticles,":[124],"produced":[126,178],"printing":[130,156,225,270],"ABS":[132],"approximately":[134],"12,000":[135],"particles":[136,265],"per":[137],"cubic":[138],"centimeter":[139],"(p":[140],"cm\u22123)":[141],"above":[142,192],"background.":[143],"After":[144],"subtracting":[145],"the":[146,150,171,245,257],"mean":[147,151],"background":[148,193],"concentration,":[149],"concentration":[152],"operations":[157,220,271],"correlated":[158],"with":[159,218,275],"calculated":[161],"emission":[162],"rate":[163],"2.8":[165],"\u00d7":[166],"1010":[167],"p":[168],"min\u22121":[169],"under":[170],"conditions":[172],"tested.":[173],"processing":[175,202],"parts":[177,227,277],"fusion,":[185],"generally":[188],"negligible,":[189],"although":[190],"respirable":[195],"dust":[198,273],"parts.":[207],"Results":[208],"study":[212],"indicate":[213],"that":[214],"airborne":[215],"associated":[217,274],"are":[221],"variable,":[222],"depending":[223],"on":[224,256],"handling":[228,276],"processes,":[229],"raw":[230],"materials,":[231],"ventilation":[233],"characteristics.":[234],"Although":[235],"personal":[236],"results":[246,258],"can":[247],"be":[248,285],"used":[249],"to":[250],"inform":[251],"future":[252],"assessments.":[254,289],"Based":[255],"evaluation,":[261],"measurement":[262],"submicron":[264],"emitted":[266],"manufactured":[278],"processes":[283],"should":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-08-24T00:00:00"}
