{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3050436757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176052","title":"Can Air-Conditioning Systems Contribute to the Spread of SARS/MERS/COVID-19 Infection? Insights from a Rapid Review of the Literature","display_name":"Can Air-Conditioning Systems Contribute to the Spread of SARS/MERS/COVID-19 Infection? Insights from a Rapid Review of the Literature","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3050436757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176052","mag":"3050436757","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32825303","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7503634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph17176052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176052","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6052/pdf?version=1597916142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6052/pdf?version=1597916142","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082679322","display_name":"Francesco Chirico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-4368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-4368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124043","display_name":"Ministry of Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/02pxbbk34","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104593","https://openalex.org/I4210124043"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Chirico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Service Department, State Police, Ministry of Interior, 20125 Milan, Italy","Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Service Department, State Police, Ministry of Interior, 20125 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124043"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044218085","display_name":"Angelo Sacco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-5314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-5314"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Sacco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Local Healthcare Unit Roma 2, 00155 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Local Healthcare Unit Roma 2, 00155 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063716572","display_name":"Nicola Luigi Bragazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-868X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-868X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-800X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Luigi Bragazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-868X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053361771","display_name":"Nicola Magnavita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-7344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-7344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802557943","display_name":"Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic","ror":"https://ror.org/00rg70c39","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802557943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Magnavita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy","Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy","Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-7344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802557943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802557943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082679322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735","https://openalex.org/I4210124043"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2429},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2429},"fwci":3.3057,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95128798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"17","first_page":"6052","last_page":"6052"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12916","display_name":"COVID-19 impact on air quality","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"air conditioning","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac-systems","display_name":"HVAC systems","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airborne-transmission","display_name":"airborne transmission","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars","display_name":"SARS","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mers","display_name":"MERS","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-outbreak","display_name":"coronavirus outbreak","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-air-quality","display_name":"indoor air quality","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airflow-dynamics","display_name":"airflow dynamics","score":0.699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.8640197515487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.7021785974502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908974078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381481","display_name":"Airborne transmission","level":5,"score":0.700708270072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.6938925981521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6871695518493652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6424887776374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.5242429375648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.5154989361763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5130154490470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.3768855929374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.37586820125579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35741156339645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3548431992530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25562959909439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.17913293838500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.1364201307296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.12262719869613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12079641222953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.114564448595047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000389","descriptor_name":"Air Conditioning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045169","descriptor_name":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045169","descriptor_name":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065207","descriptor_name":"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph17176052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176052","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6052/pdf?version=1597916142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7503634","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7503634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:32825303","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32825303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of environmental research and public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6052-:d:401509","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6052/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:13ce383febbe4912836d69ac18ffbb12","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/13ce383febbe4912836d69ac18ffbb12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 6052, p 6052 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publicatt.unicatt.it:10807/162791","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10807/162791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400564","display_name":"PubliCatt (Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph17176052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176052","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6052/pdf?version=1597916142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3304509792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COVID-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5940391845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) rapid research","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323405","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3050436757.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3050436757.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1815575713","https://openalex.org/W1909499787","https://openalex.org/W1911361640","https://openalex.org/W1969357301","https://openalex.org/W1993435091","https://openalex.org/W2000598270","https://openalex.org/W2028474319","https://openalex.org/W2064850047","https://openalex.org/W2087216937","https://openalex.org/W2103360426","https://openalex.org/W2113076742","https://openalex.org/W2116544382","https://openalex.org/W2127272185","https://openalex.org/W2131262274","https://openalex.org/W2137144526","https://openalex.org/W2152869499","https://openalex.org/W2158366440","https://openalex.org/W2160317728","https://openalex.org/W2323002971","https://openalex.org/W2337456675","https://openalex.org/W2473304538","https://openalex.org/W2474671349","https://openalex.org/W2787537960","https://openalex.org/W2912500993","https://openalex.org/W2921493711","https://openalex.org/W2965356113","https://openalex.org/W3005057892","https://openalex.org/W3008786256","https://openalex.org/W3008790667","https://openalex.org/W3011442200","https://openalex.org/W3012099172","https://openalex.org/W3013514456","https://openalex.org/W3014043262","https://openalex.org/W3014418911","https://openalex.org/W3014725674","https://openalex.org/W3015019427","https://openalex.org/W3015061143","https://openalex.org/W3015704123","https://openalex.org/W3016134657","https://openalex.org/W3016313172","https://openalex.org/W3017336269","https://openalex.org/W3018807993","https://openalex.org/W3019171498","https://openalex.org/W3019676344","https://openalex.org/W3019750343","https://openalex.org/W3019877017","https://openalex.org/W3020516785","https://openalex.org/W3023003554","https://openalex.org/W3025437109","https://openalex.org/W3025739336","https://openalex.org/W3025773241","https://openalex.org/W3031297371","https://openalex.org/W3031402344","https://openalex.org/W3031892323","https://openalex.org/W3035464429","https://openalex.org/W3036295571","https://openalex.org/W3039971219","https://openalex.org/W3040170499","https://openalex.org/W3042805403","https://openalex.org/W3047366757","https://openalex.org/W3047719754","https://openalex.org/W3095961138","https://openalex.org/W3096227606","https://openalex.org/W3138404950","https://openalex.org/W3167088745","https://openalex.org/W3175769708","https://openalex.org/W4211135079","https://openalex.org/W6774810413","https://openalex.org/W6775799032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3085953859","https://openalex.org/W3019676344","https://openalex.org/W4308552893","https://openalex.org/W3195408924","https://openalex.org/W3132242500","https://openalex.org/W4386859809","https://openalex.org/W3206375926","https://openalex.org/W3200150023","https://openalex.org/W4284699000","https://openalex.org/W3177230712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,8,235],"airborne":[1,45,185],"transmission":[2,46,186],"of":[3,10,24,47,86,115,134,147,157,165,183,187,213,228],"SARS-CoV-2":[4,51,214,247],"is":[5,14,180],"still":[6],"debated.":[7],"aim":[9],"this":[11,194],"rapid":[12],"review":[13],"to":[15,78],"evaluate":[16],"the":[17,22,44,80,91,102,108,113,123,129,145,158,163,184,201,211,219,226,229,246],"COVID-19":[18,237],"risk":[19],"associated":[20,55,89],"with":[21,38,56,90],"presence":[23],"air-conditioning":[25,92],"systems.":[26,254],"Original":[27],"studies":[28,83,97,110,160],"(both":[29],"observational":[30],"and":[31,37,50,71,118,131,193,206],"experimental":[32],"researches)":[33],"written":[34],"in":[35,101,122,189,200,215,222],"English":[36],"no":[39],"limit":[40],"on":[41,43,63,111,143,161,231],"time,":[42],"SARS-CoV,":[48],"MERS-CoV,":[49],"coronaviruses":[52,188],"that":[53,245],"were":[54,58,61,94,98],"outbreaks,":[57,192],"included.":[59,95],"Searches":[60],"made":[62],"PubMed/MEDLINE,":[64],"PubMed":[65],"Central":[66],"(PMC),":[67],"Google":[68],"Scholar":[69],"databases,":[70],"medRxiv.":[72],"A":[73],"snowball":[74],"strategy":[75],"was":[76,125,152,170],"adopted":[77],"extend":[79],"search.":[81],"Fourteen":[82],"reporting":[84],"outbreaks":[85],"coronavirus":[87],"infection":[88],"systems":[93,224],"All":[96],"carried":[99],"out":[100,107,156],"Far":[103],"East.":[104],"In":[105,140,154,177],"six":[106,159],"seven":[109],"SARS,":[112],"role":[114],"Heating,":[116],"Ventilation,":[117],"Air":[119],"Conditioning":[120],"(HVAC)":[121],"outbreak":[124],"indirectly":[126],"proven":[127],"by":[128,137,149,174,204,252],"spatial":[130],"temporal":[132],"pattern":[133],"cases,":[135],"or":[136,172],"airflow-dynamics":[138],"models.":[139],"one":[141],"report":[142],"MERS,":[144],"contamination":[146],"HVAC":[148,169,223,253],"viral":[150,166],"particles":[151,167],"demonstrated.":[153],"four":[155],"SARS-CoV-2,":[162],"diffusion":[164],"through":[168],"suspected":[171],"supported":[173],"computer":[175],"simulation.":[176],"conclusion,":[178],"there":[179],"sufficient":[181,243],"evidence":[182,244],"previous":[190],"Asian":[191],"has":[195],"been":[196],"taken":[197],"into":[198],"account":[199],"guidelines":[202],"released":[203],"organizations":[205],"international":[207],"agencies":[208],"for":[209],"controlling":[210],"spread":[212],"indoor":[216],"environments.":[217],"However,":[218],"technological":[220],"differences":[221],"prevent":[225],"generalization":[227],"results":[230],"a":[232],"worldwide":[233],"basis.":[234],"few":[236],"investigations":[238],"available":[239],"do":[240],"not":[241],"provide":[242],"virus":[248],"can":[249],"be":[250],"transmitted":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-08-24T00:00:00"}