{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3049511186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","title":"A Review of Technical Standards for Smart Cities","display_name":"A Review of Technical Standards for Smart Cities","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3049511186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","mag":"3049511186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/2/3/19/pdf?version=1597660500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203197","display_name":"Clean Technologies","issn_l":"2571-8797","issn":["2571-8797"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clean Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/2/3/19/pdf?version=1597660500","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022822400","display_name":"Chun Sing Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-4438","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-4438"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Sing Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-4438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070141752","display_name":"Youwei Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-5552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-5552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Youwei Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061517548","display_name":"Zhekang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-3834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-3834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhekang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609442","display_name":"Dongxiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-6152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-6152"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Design and Engineering Department, Australia Energy Market Operator, Melbourne 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Design and Engineering Department, Australia Energy Market Operator, Melbourne 3000, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020465019","display_name":"Yingshan Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-1900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-1900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingshan Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-1900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032784865","display_name":"Qi Hong Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6983-6007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6983-6007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Hong Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013462633","display_name":"Richard T.K. Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-5076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-5076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard T. K. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Information Systems, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-5076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Information Systems, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033512118","display_name":"Ahmed F. Zobaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-2384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-2384"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed F. Zobaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-2384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005891623","display_name":"Ruiheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-6110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-6110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029853791","display_name":"Loi Lei Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Loi Lei Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029853791","https://openalex.org/A5033512118","https://openalex.org/A5061517548","https://openalex.org/A5070141752"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713","https://openalex.org/I3045169105","https://openalex.org/I50760025","https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1056},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1056},"fwci":58.8212,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":385,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99909407,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"290","last_page":"310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14520","display_name":"Sustainable Urban and Rural Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12239","display_name":"Construction Management and Sustainability","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-cities","display_name":"smart cities","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-standards","display_name":"technical standards","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city-definition","display_name":"smart city definition","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city-implementation","display_name":"smart city implementation","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sustainability","display_name":"urban sustainability","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-energy","display_name":"urban energy","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-transport","display_name":"urban transport","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-health","display_name":"urban health","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"standardization","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.808876633644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5199650526046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.4814993143081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4792211651802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135397884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317623","display_name":"Technical standard","level":2,"score":0.4520235061645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3465004563331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3364711403846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2967541515827179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28838101029396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2197335958480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18961909413337708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14205151796340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/2/3/19/pdf?version=1597660500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203197","display_name":"Clean Technologies","issn_l":"2571-8797","issn":["2571-8797"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clean Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:2:y:2020:i:3:p:19-310:d:400000","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/2/3/19/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48f19a2b7d9946d7b8fdbd0bc19628dd","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48f19a2b7d9946d7b8fdbd0bc19628dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Clean Technologies, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 290-310 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:v-lib-bura1.brunel.ac.uk:2438/21438","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/21438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8797/2/3/19/pdf?version=1597660500","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203197","display_name":"Clean Technologies","issn_l":"2571-8797","issn":["2571-8797"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clean Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.9333000183105469,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2576886143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016KCXTD022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5gyw91"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3049511186.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3049511186.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W637811286","https://openalex.org/W762795942","https://openalex.org/W893234787","https://openalex.org/W1554567348","https://openalex.org/W1573130468","https://openalex.org/W2049329086","https://openalex.org/W2070665593","https://openalex.org/W2081942550","https://openalex.org/W2218489740","https://openalex.org/W2423754520","https://openalex.org/W2460236366","https://openalex.org/W2611708346","https://openalex.org/W2753785862","https://openalex.org/W2774792389","https://openalex.org/W2792509587","https://openalex.org/W2795299975","https://openalex.org/W2801076112","https://openalex.org/W2802287470","https://openalex.org/W2804881713","https://openalex.org/W2805785326","https://openalex.org/W2891177726","https://openalex.org/W2904702993","https://openalex.org/W2929174720","https://openalex.org/W2942559480","https://openalex.org/W2944135346","https://openalex.org/W2969591543","https://openalex.org/W2972274738","https://openalex.org/W2972443248","https://openalex.org/W2972545909","https://openalex.org/W2996085441","https://openalex.org/W2997600223","https://openalex.org/W3005335721","https://openalex.org/W3011127849","https://openalex.org/W3094776601","https://openalex.org/W4237588818","https://openalex.org/W4238391798","https://openalex.org/W4240858386","https://openalex.org/W4241990970","https://openalex.org/W4247051699","https://openalex.org/W4255263887","https://openalex.org/W6717408203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7103345324","https://openalex.org/W4307831591","https://openalex.org/W3010394175","https://openalex.org/W3137825135","https://openalex.org/W4220692646","https://openalex.org/W6929908305","https://openalex.org/W2944664660","https://openalex.org/W4307831605","https://openalex.org/W3166760142","https://openalex.org/W7120523628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0,63],"cities":[1,25,54,64,136,168,183],"employ":[2],"technology":[3],"and":[4,12,31,39,56,71,74,86,112,146],"data":[5],"to":[6,48,58,78,122,176],"increase":[7],"efficiencies,":[8],"economic":[9],"development,":[10],"sustainability,":[11],"life":[13,151],"quality":[14,149],"for":[15,28,155,166],"citizens":[16],"in":[17,76,98],"urban":[18],"areas.":[19],"Inevitably,":[20],"clean":[21],"technologies":[22],"promote":[23,79],"smart":[24,34,53,61,90,109,116,126,135,139,167,182],"development":[26],"including":[27],"energy,":[29],"transportation":[30],"health.":[32],"The":[33,114],"city":[35,110,117,127,140,144],"concept":[36],"is":[37,40],"ambitious":[38],"being":[41],"refined":[42],"with":[43,50],"standards.":[44,184],"Standards":[45],"are":[46,83,95,164],"used":[47],"help":[49],"regulating":[51],"how":[52],"function":[55],"contributing":[57],"define":[59],"a":[60,143,174],"city.":[62],"must":[65],"be":[66,120,153],"officially":[67],"recognized":[68],"by":[69],"national":[70],"international":[72],"authorities":[73],"organizations":[75],"order":[77],"societal":[80],"advancement.":[81],"There":[82],"many":[84],"research":[85],"review":[87,103,159],"articles":[88],"on":[89],"cities.":[91],"However,":[92],"technical":[93,162],"standards":[94,118,130,163],"seldom":[96],"discussed":[97,154],"the":[99,106,125,148,177],"current":[100],"literature.":[101],"This":[102,158,170],"firstly":[104],"presents":[105],"study":[107],"of":[108,150,181],"definitions":[111],"domain.":[113],"well-known":[115],"will":[119,152],"presented":[121],"better":[123],"recognize":[124],"concept.":[128],"Well-defined":[129],"allow":[131],"meaningful":[132],"comparisons":[133],"among":[134],"implementation.":[137,169],"How":[138],"initiatives":[141],"make":[142],"smarter":[145],"improve":[147],"various":[156],"countries.":[157],"highlights":[160],"that":[161],"important":[165],"paper":[171],"serves":[172],"as":[173],"guide":[175],"most":[178],"recent":[179],"developments":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-08-21T00:00:00"}