{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3049026774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","title":"Causal Inferences \u2013 Risk-Taking Propensity Relationship Towards Entrepreneurial Intention Among Millennials","display_name":"Causal Inferences \u2013 Risk-Taking Propensity Relationship Towards Entrepreneurial Intention Among Millennials","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3049026774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","mag":"3049026774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","pdf_url":"https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/7091/Causal_Inferences_\u2013_Risk-Taking_Propensity_Relationship_Towards_Entrepreneurial_Intention_Among_Millennials.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209736","display_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2222-6990","issn":["2222-6990","2308-3816"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322696514","host_organization_name":"Human Resource Management Academic Research Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322696514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Resource Management Academic Research Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/7091/Causal_Inferences_\u2013_Risk-Taking_Propensity_Relationship_Towards_Entrepreneurial_Intention_Among_Millennials.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026355445","display_name":"Noraznira Abd Razak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-7304","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-7304"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noraznira Abd Razak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Technology MARA Melaka , Malaysia , Export - Import Bank of Malaysia Berhad (","University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Technology MARA Melaka , Malaysia , Export - Import Bank of Malaysia Berhad (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031890277","display_name":"Najihah Hanisah Marmaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-1061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-1061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najihah Hanisah Marmaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017029383","display_name":"Nur Melissa Muhammad Faisal Wee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Melissa Bte Mohammad Faisal Wee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061306716","display_name":"Ahmad Fadhly Arham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-5366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-5366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Fadhly Arham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082586978","display_name":"Juan Rizal Sa\u2019ari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Rizal Sa\u2019ari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020921645","display_name":"Hafiza Harun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiza Harun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028788527","display_name":"Norhasliena Nordin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norhasliena Nordin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, Export-Import Bank of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4605,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73067311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-intention","display_name":"entrepreneurial intention","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-propensity","display_name":"risk propensity","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millennials","display_name":"millennials","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"theory of planned behavior","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes","display_name":"attitudes","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-behavioral-control","display_name":"perceived behavioral control","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-norms","display_name":"subjective norms","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-entrepreneurship","display_name":"youth entrepreneurship","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776640315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315941","display_name":"Respondent","level":2,"score":0.6589496731758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89785696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","level":3,"score":0.6586849093437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6442579030990601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5665141344070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.46798276901245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43521833419799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.37618932127952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.34930381178855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1974325180053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1434991955757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.13932397961616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10952845215797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","pdf_url":"https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/7091/Causal_Inferences_\u2013_Risk-Taking_Propensity_Relationship_Towards_Entrepreneurial_Intention_Among_Millennials.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209736","display_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2222-6990","issn":["2222-6990","2308-3816"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322696514","host_organization_name":"Human Resource Management Academic Research Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322696514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Resource Management Academic Research Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7091","pdf_url":"https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/7091/Causal_Inferences_\u2013_Risk-Taking_Propensity_Relationship_Towards_Entrepreneurial_Intention_Among_Millennials.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209736","display_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2222-6990","issn":["2222-6990","2308-3816"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322696514","host_organization_name":"Human Resource Management Academic Research Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322696514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Resource Management Academic Research Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3049026774.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3049026774.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58495619","https://openalex.org/W102593465","https://openalex.org/W131991744","https://openalex.org/W1482749180","https://openalex.org/W1608810703","https://openalex.org/W1944723843","https://openalex.org/W1981693075","https://openalex.org/W1998716725","https://openalex.org/W2039298878","https://openalex.org/W2039977129","https://openalex.org/W2048627223","https://openalex.org/W2050226767","https://openalex.org/W2070142052","https://openalex.org/W2072948949","https://openalex.org/W2076987598","https://openalex.org/W2080830315","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2110675982","https://openalex.org/W2117835634","https://openalex.org/W2144829504","https://openalex.org/W2149442321","https://openalex.org/W2151281271","https://openalex.org/W2152095411","https://openalex.org/W2159477114","https://openalex.org/W2171464793","https://openalex.org/W2182703386","https://openalex.org/W2185842314","https://openalex.org/W2234577564","https://openalex.org/W2260793483","https://openalex.org/W2269131906","https://openalex.org/W2271782269","https://openalex.org/W2295841041","https://openalex.org/W2336292302","https://openalex.org/W2368980823","https://openalex.org/W2598649315","https://openalex.org/W2615728206","https://openalex.org/W2625776195","https://openalex.org/W2740537769","https://openalex.org/W2800121494","https://openalex.org/W2892515194","https://openalex.org/W2952801653","https://openalex.org/W3124061660","https://openalex.org/W3186831858","https://openalex.org/W4254753750","https://openalex.org/W4297682438","https://openalex.org/W4300009529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972788181","https://openalex.org/W4226479728","https://openalex.org/W1985921233","https://openalex.org/W2621905410","https://openalex.org/W4402690674","https://openalex.org/W7065981775","https://openalex.org/W6995937437","https://openalex.org/W3172029892","https://openalex.org/W4387455831","https://openalex.org/W7165532227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"study":[1,75,92],"is":[2,41,59],"conducted":[3],"to":[4,42,61,64,69,80,102],"identify":[5],"the":[6,20,51,105],"causal":[7],"inferences":[8],"-risk-taking":[9],"propensity":[10,33],"relationship":[11,21],"towards":[12,34],"entrepreneurial":[13,35,44],"intention":[14,45],"among":[15,46,87],"millennials":[16,47,88],"in":[17,54,67,89],"Malacca":[18],"and":[19,31],"involves":[22],"variables":[23,106],"between":[24],"attitude,":[25],"perceived":[26],"behavior":[27],"control,":[28],"subjective":[29],"norm":[30],"risk-taking":[32],"intention.The":[36],"purpose":[37],"of":[38,50,84],"this":[39],"research":[40],"investigate":[43],"as":[48,98],"part":[49],"crucial":[52],"element":[53],"our":[55],"future":[56],"human":[57],"capital.It":[58],"important":[60],"develop":[62],"youngster":[63],"become":[65],"entrepreneur":[66],"order":[68],"deal":[70],"with":[71],"uncertainty":[72],"global":[73],"challenges.This":[74],"applies":[76],"analysis":[77],"using":[78],"SPSS":[79],"a":[81],"survey":[82],"questionnaire":[83],"196":[85],"respondent":[86],"Melaka,":[90],"Malaysia.This":[91],"adopted":[93],"Planned":[94],"Behaviour":[95],"Theory":[96],"(TPB)":[97],"main":[99],"underlying":[100],"framework":[101],"further":[103],"explained":[104],"involved.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-08-21T00:00:00"}
