{"id":"https://openalex.org/W30489606","doi":null,"title":"What enables a machine to understand","display_name":"What enables a machine to understand","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W30489606","mag":"30489606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:30489606","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ijcai.org/Proceedings/85-2/Papers/063.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419999","display_name":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070129340","display_name":"Aaron Sloman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-1853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-1853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Sloman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sussex, Brighton, England"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-1853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex, Brighton, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070129340"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.0588,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"995","last_page":"1001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.7318999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.7318999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13308","display_name":"Cybernetics and Technology in Society","score":0.179299995303154,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14381","display_name":"Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience","score":0.029200000688433647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-understanding","display_name":"machine understanding","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-general-intelligence","display_name":"artificial general intelligence","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-computation","display_name":"symbolic computation","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-understanding","display_name":"human understanding","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-ethics","display_name":"AI ethics","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-cognition","display_name":"machine cognition","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6706489324569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4893454909324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.437186062335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.43280866742134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3941667973995209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16217947006225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1121671199798584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:30489606","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ijcai.org/Proceedings/85-2/Papers/063.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419999","display_name":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W604342686","https://openalex.org/W1510885947","https://openalex.org/W1556837482","https://openalex.org/W1751175273","https://openalex.org/W2081981374","https://openalex.org/W2090992897","https://openalex.org/W2798598542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099275981","https://openalex.org/W7100609513","https://openalex.org/W4231810608","https://openalex.org/W4389616816","https://openalex.org/W86365902","https://openalex.org/W4399358692","https://openalex.org/W3118097634","https://openalex.org/W7047174561","https://openalex.org/W3213225804","https://openalex.org/W204177601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"'Strong":[1],"AI'":[2],"claim":[3],"that":[4,11],"suitably":[5],"programmed":[6],"computers":[7,22],"can":[8,40],"manipulate":[9],"symbols":[10],"THEY":[12],"understand":[13,42],"is":[14,43,52],"defended,":[15],"and":[16],"conditions":[17],"for":[18],"understanding":[19],"discussed.":[20],"Even":[21],"without":[23],"AI":[24],"programs":[25],"exhibit":[26],"a":[27,53],"significant":[28],"subset":[29],"of":[30,32],"characteristics":[31],"human":[33],"understanding.":[34],"To":[35],"argue":[36,45],"about":[37,46],"whether":[38],"machines":[39],"REALLY":[41],"to":[44],"mere":[47],"definitional":[48],"matters.":[49],"But":[50],"there":[51],"residual":[54],"ethical":[55],"question.":[56]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T07:41:36.138363","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}