{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048764006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165489","title":"Effect of the Directional Components of Earthquakes on the Seismic Behavior of an Unanchored Steel Tank","display_name":"Effect of the Directional Components of Earthquakes on the Seismic Behavior of an Unanchored Steel Tank","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048764006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165489","mag":"3048764006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app10165489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165489","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/16/5489/pdf?version=1597627354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/16/5489/pdf?version=1597627354","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087459189","display_name":"Rulin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5088-6466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5088-6466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rulin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Changjiang West Road No. 66, Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Changjiang West Road No. 66, Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033863144","display_name":"Shili Chu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shili Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Changjiang West Road No. 66, Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Changjiang West Road No. 66, Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kailai Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kailai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Changjiang West Road No. 66, Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Changjiang West Road No. 66, Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687950","display_name":"Zhongtao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3472-3401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3472-3401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongtao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Changjiang West Road No. 66, Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Changjiang West Road No. 66, Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053983272","display_name":"Huaifeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7575-4964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7575-4964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaifeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xiamen University of Technology, Ligong Road No. 600, Xiamen 361000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xiamen University of Technology, Ligong Road No. 600, Xiamen 361000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087459189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"fwci":1.1081,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73441115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"16","first_page":"5489","last_page":"5489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10160","display_name":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","score":0.8773999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10160","display_name":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","score":0.8773999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.11490000039339066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11694","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-behavior","display_name":"seismic behavior","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sloshing","display_name":"sloshing","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-structure-interaction","display_name":"fluid-structure interaction","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-seismic-component","display_name":"vertical seismic component","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-ground-motion","display_name":"bidirectional ground motion","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142784634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129460","display_name":"Slosh dynamics","level":2,"score":0.9263691902160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.617669403553009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.5908665657043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5833361744880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5225400328636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4624021649360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195268267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928883","display_name":"Slip (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.44748032093048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4395584464073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.42727231979370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3629850745201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3454456925392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app10165489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165489","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/16/5489/pdf?version=1597627354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4e510827830742fa9732fd2a2e2bd445","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4e510827830742fa9732fd2a2e2bd445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 16, p 5489 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app10165489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165489","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/16/5489/pdf?version=1597627354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1370418328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18CX02081A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4646123912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51608462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8476772373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2019MEE099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048764006.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048764006.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970627745","https://openalex.org/W1977057344","https://openalex.org/W1986737555","https://openalex.org/W1987178669","https://openalex.org/W1989756036","https://openalex.org/W2000089196","https://openalex.org/W2038742691","https://openalex.org/W2081340809","https://openalex.org/W2134534676","https://openalex.org/W2569017832","https://openalex.org/W2790603897","https://openalex.org/W2894113303","https://openalex.org/W2950708723","https://openalex.org/W3105368205","https://openalex.org/W4231102372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364354021","https://openalex.org/W3089255201","https://openalex.org/W3210501687","https://openalex.org/W2385406185","https://openalex.org/W2356192078","https://openalex.org/W4385874305","https://openalex.org/W3199427718","https://openalex.org/W1988345964","https://openalex.org/W4379914413","https://openalex.org/W1963960726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,6,19,27,34,47,64,68,72,81,88,91,101,105,111,123,132,135,142,146,155,159,178,183],"effect":[4,22],"of":[5,9,104,122,134,182,190,202],"multi-directional":[7],"components":[8],"ground":[10,95,144,203],"motion":[11,204],"on":[12,110,154],"an":[13],"unanchored":[14],"steel":[15],"storage":[16],"tank.":[17,106],"Both":[18],"liquid":[20,156],"sloshing":[21,121,157],"and":[23,29,74,84,90,119,138,174,180],"contact":[24,73],"behavior":[25,103,130],"between":[26,87],"foundation":[28],"tank":[30,89,160,184],"are":[31,77,97,108],"included":[32],"in":[33,58,158,162],"study.":[35],"A":[36],"three-dimensional":[37],"model":[38],"for":[39,99],"a":[40],"foundation\u2013structure\u2013liquid":[41],"system":[42],"is":[43,60],"numerically":[44],"simulated":[45],"using":[46],"finite":[48,54],"element":[49,55],"method.":[50],"The":[51,165,188],"Lagrange":[52],"fluid":[53],"method":[56],"(FEM)":[57],"ANSYS":[59],"used":[61],"to":[62,79,199],"consider":[63],"liquid\u2013solid":[65],"interaction.":[66],"In":[67],"liquid\u2013structure\u2013foundation":[69],"interaction":[70],"model,":[71],"target":[75],"elements":[76],"adapted":[78],"simulate":[80],"nonlinear":[82],"uplift":[83,179],"slip":[85,129],"effects":[86],"foundation.":[92],"Three":[93],"earthquake":[94],"motions":[96],"selected":[98,143],"evaluating":[100],"seismic":[102,149,167],"Comparisons":[107],"made":[109],"horizontal":[112,147],"displacement,":[113],"\u201celephant-foot\u201d":[114],"deformation,":[115],"stress,":[116,173],"base":[117],"shear":[118],"moment,":[120],"liquid,":[124],"uplift,":[125],"as":[126,128],"well":[127],"under":[131],"application":[133],"unidirectional,":[136],"bi-directional":[137,148],"tri-directional":[139],"components.":[140],"Under":[141],"motions,":[145],"component":[150,168],"has":[151],"great":[152],"influence":[153],"studied":[161],"this":[163,191],"paper.":[164],"vertical":[166],"produces":[169],"high":[170],"compressive":[171],"axial":[172],"it":[175],"also":[176],"makes":[177],"slide":[181],"bottom":[185],"increase":[186],"significantly.":[187],"applicability":[189],"conclusion":[192],"should":[193],"be":[194],"carefully":[195],"considered":[196],"when":[197],"applied":[198],"other":[200],"types":[201],"inputs.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-08-18T00:00:00"}
