{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048492575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520946103","title":"Developing a Scale to Measure Tourist Perceived Safety","display_name":"Developing a Scale to Measure Tourist Perceived Safety","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048492575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520946103","mag":"3048492575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0047287520946103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520946103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520946103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157485431","display_name":"Journal of Travel Research","issn_l":"0047-2875","issn":["0047-2875","1552-6763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Travel Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014704919","display_name":"Chaowu Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-7392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-7392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaowu Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tourism, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-7392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tourism, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081077605","display_name":"Jiangchi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-5521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-5521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiangchi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tourism, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tourism, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069884435","display_name":"Alastair M. Morrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0754-1083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0754-1083"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151229976","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism","ror":"https://ror.org/0047xfd47","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151229976"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alastair M. Morrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["International College, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0754-1083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International College, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151229976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081077605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98147862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"6","first_page":"1232","last_page":"1251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11793","display_name":"Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13060","display_name":"Adventure Sports and Sensation Seeking","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-safety","display_name":"tourism safety","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/destination-safety","display_name":"destination safety","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-safety","display_name":"human safety","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-destination-management","display_name":"destination management","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-blogs","display_name":"travel blogs","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.7854305505752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.7729458212852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.7080284357070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6307917237281799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5332467555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5095284581184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776687071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265193","display_name":"Destinations","level":3,"score":0.5047837495803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992285014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570116","display_name":"Tourist destinations","level":4,"score":0.48933786153793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4545433223247528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.429429829120636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.35975879430770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32200461626052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2677823603153229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26777976751327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.167490154504776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0047287520946103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520946103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520946103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157485431","display_name":"Journal of Travel Research","issn_l":"0047-2875","issn":["0047-2875","1552-6763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Travel Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gala.gre.ac.uk:29218","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/29218/1/29218%20MORRISON_Tourist_Perceived_Safety_%28AAM%29_2020.pdf","pdf_url":"http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/29218/1/29218%20MORRISON_Tourist_Perceived_Safety_%28AAM%29_2020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401244","display_name":"Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","host_organization_name":"University of Greenwich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3473794903","display_name":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u5883\u65c5\u6e38\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u5f02\u3001\u9a71\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u6d41\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u6548\u5e94\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8483037815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19YJAZH097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335982","funder_display_name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335982","display_name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139034743","https://openalex.org/W172004484","https://openalex.org/W204377010","https://openalex.org/W284309015","https://openalex.org/W640319186","https://openalex.org/W642120166","https://openalex.org/W1509898916","https://openalex.org/W1595575146","https://openalex.org/W1853321344","https://openalex.org/W1972619617","https://openalex.org/W1977374579","https://openalex.org/W1978620798","https://openalex.org/W1980109329","https://openalex.org/W1982657993","https://openalex.org/W1983965011","https://openalex.org/W1984160920","https://openalex.org/W1985691092","https://openalex.org/W1991279928","https://openalex.org/W1991623719","https://openalex.org/W1993022101","https://openalex.org/W1996239921","https://openalex.org/W1997063202","https://openalex.org/W1998345403","https://openalex.org/W2001856667","https://openalex.org/W2004324556","https://openalex.org/W2008670432","https://openalex.org/W2013224938","https://openalex.org/W2013482824","https://openalex.org/W2017497552","https://openalex.org/W2023713249","https://openalex.org/W2024222224","https://openalex.org/W2026214474","https://openalex.org/W2032322595","https://openalex.org/W2034753322","https://openalex.org/W2044352597","https://openalex.org/W2045316427","https://openalex.org/W2045397364","https://openalex.org/W2048092934","https://openalex.org/W2057623884","https://openalex.org/W2060923883","https://openalex.org/W2063045274","https://openalex.org/W2070000915","https://openalex.org/W2070787446","https://openalex.org/W2076267962","https://openalex.org/W2077723359","https://openalex.org/W2083558653","https://openalex.org/W2085495288","https://openalex.org/W2087484936","https://openalex.org/W2092913107","https://openalex.org/W2104534282","https://openalex.org/W2106412210","https://openalex.org/W2111377626","https://openalex.org/W2134732423","https://openalex.org/W2135166709","https://openalex.org/W2137778439","https://openalex.org/W2156435103","https://openalex.org/W2161095567","https://openalex.org/W2170905535","https://openalex.org/W2181537948","https://openalex.org/W2211772325","https://openalex.org/W2314141106","https://openalex.org/W2321530589","https://openalex.org/W2333360584","https://openalex.org/W2394861068","https://openalex.org/W2463675065","https://openalex.org/W2468378937","https://openalex.org/W2480771856","https://openalex.org/W2529320298","https://openalex.org/W2612127642","https://openalex.org/W2613079170","https://openalex.org/W2623548021","https://openalex.org/W2626782991","https://openalex.org/W2744608004","https://openalex.org/W2795447492","https://openalex.org/W2803424411","https://openalex.org/W2885057103","https://openalex.org/W2895360813","https://openalex.org/W2895692239","https://openalex.org/W2911991004","https://openalex.org/W2912636618","https://openalex.org/W2953211394","https://openalex.org/W3005958479","https://openalex.org/W4205173836","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4237667022","https://openalex.org/W4241664940","https://openalex.org/W4245937563","https://openalex.org/W4253270072"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3145235579","https://openalex.org/W2756165335","https://openalex.org/W3173551452","https://openalex.org/W7167807372","https://openalex.org/W2982076754","https://openalex.org/W7221151519","https://openalex.org/W4403310551","https://openalex.org/W3196648136","https://openalex.org/W4225142614","https://openalex.org/W7216280976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safety":[0],"for":[1,33,57,126],"tourists":[2],"at":[3,37],"places":[4],"visited":[5],"is":[6],"essential":[7],"to":[8,27,47,74,111],"their":[9],"enjoyment":[10],"and":[11,30,53,76,84,93,113,132],"experiences,":[12],"as":[13,15],"well":[14],"a":[16,55,69,127],"determinant":[17],"of":[18,43,51,87,96],"destination":[19],"success.":[20],"Yet,":[21],"little":[22],"attention":[23],"has":[24],"been":[25],"paid":[26],"the":[28,49,82,115],"conceptualization":[29],"scale":[31,56,140],"development":[32],"tourist":[34],"perceived":[35],"safety":[36,62],"destinations":[38],"(TPSD).":[39],"The":[40],"primary":[41],"purpose":[42],"this":[44],"research":[45],"was":[46,72,109],"identify":[48],"dimensions":[50,83],"TPSD":[52,88,139],"develop":[54,75],"measuring":[58],"it":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61],"system":[63],"theory.":[64],"A":[65],"three-stage":[66],"study":[67],"in":[68],"mixed-method":[70],"design":[71],"conducted":[73,110],"validate":[77,114],"TPSD.":[78],"Stage":[79,118],"1":[80],"identified":[81],"initial":[85],"items":[86],"through":[89,141],"extensive":[90],"literature":[91],"reviewing":[92],"content":[94],"analysis":[95,108],"travel":[97],"blogs.":[98],"In":[99],"stage":[100],"2":[101],"(n":[102,120],"=":[103,121],"300),":[104],"an":[105],"explanatory":[106],"factor":[107,143],"refine":[112],"preliminary":[116],"items.":[117],"3":[119],"1,830)":[122],"provided":[123],"empirical":[124],"support":[125],"20-item,":[128],"five-dimension":[129],"(human,":[130],"facility":[131],"equipment,":[133],"natural":[134],"environment,":[135,137],"social":[136],"management)":[138],"confirmatory":[142],"analysis.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-08-18T00:00:00"}
