{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048445980","doi":null,"title":"Marine harmful algal blooms and phycotoxins of concern to Canada","display_name":"Marine harmful algal blooms and phycotoxins of concern to Canada","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048445980","mag":"3048445980"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:2f4fb0c7-53a3-41f3-a5d0-857a08a43b6d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=2f4fb0c7-53a3-41f3-a5d0-857a08a43b6d","pdf_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/ft/?id=2f4fb0c7-53a3-41f3-a5d0-857a08a43b6d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"technical report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/ft/?id=2f4fb0c7-53a3-41f3-a5d0-857a08a43b6d","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016537225","display_name":"Stephen S. Bates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-1156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-1156"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen S. Bates","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-1156","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055099337","display_name":"Daniel G. Beach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5680-2112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5680-2112"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel G. Beach","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5680-2112","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002215171","display_name":"Luc Andr\u00e9 Comeau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-7164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-7164"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc A. Comeau","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-7164","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061548960","display_name":"Nicola Haigh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Haigh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050674629","display_name":"Nancy I. Lewis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy I. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111994813","display_name":"Andrea Locke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Locke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104100059","display_name":"Jennifer L. Martin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer L. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052471527","display_name":"Pearse McCarron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-8432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-8432"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pearse McCarron","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-8432","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031912174","display_name":"Cynthia H. McKenzie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-0603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-0603"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia H. McKenzie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-0603","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018010301","display_name":"Christine Michel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-0160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-0160"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Michel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-0160","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007139248","display_name":"Christopher O. Miles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-4439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-4439"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher O. Miles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-4439","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107347290","display_name":"Michel Poulin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Poulin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067084569","display_name":"Michael A. Quilliam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-4220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-4220"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Quilliam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-4220","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087023049","display_name":"Wade A Rourke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-2838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-2838"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wade A Rourke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-2838","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046661090","display_name":"Michael Scarratt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-2126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-2126"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Scarratt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-2126","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085152746","display_name":"Terri Wells","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terri Wells","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11985","display_name":"Marine Toxins and Detection Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11985","display_name":"Marine Toxins and Detection Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10236","display_name":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algal-toxins","display_name":"algal toxins","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paralytic-shellfish-poisoning","display_name":"paralytic shellfish poisoning","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saxitoxin","display_name":"saxitoxin","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alexandrium","display_name":"Alexandrium","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amnesic-shellfish-poisoning","display_name":"amnesic shellfish poisoning","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domoic-acid","display_name":"domoic acid","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudo-nitzschia","display_name":"Pseudo-nitzschia","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diarrhetic-shellfish-poisoning","display_name":"diarrhetic shellfish poisoning","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/okadaic-acid","display_name":"okadaic acid","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pectenotoxins","display_name":"pectenotoxins","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yessotoxin","display_name":"yessotoxin","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azaspiracids","display_name":"azaspiracids","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pinnatoxins","display_name":"pinnatoxins","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gymnodimine","display_name":"gymnodimine","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast-water-introduction","display_name":"ballast water introduction","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"climate change","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canadian-arctic","display_name":"Canadian Arctic","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shellfish-safety","display_name":"shellfish safety","score":0.8349999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120305227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326139","display_name":"Algal bloom","level":4,"score":0.691954493522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.4248327910900116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.36593231558799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34160953760147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184755","display_name":"Phytoplankton","level":3,"score":0.15335306525230408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1525420844554901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15139472484588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12527072429656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:2f4fb0c7-53a3-41f3-a5d0-857a08a43b6d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=2f4fb0c7-53a3-41f3-a5d0-857a08a43b6d","pdf_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/ft/?id=2f4fb0c7-53a3-41f3-a5d0-857a08a43b6d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"technical report"},{"id":"mag:3048445980","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openchannels.org/sites/default/files/literature/bates_et_al._2020._marine_harmful_algal_blooms_and_phycotoxins_of_concern_to_canada._can_tech_rep_fish_aquat_sci.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:2f4fb0c7-53a3-41f3-a5d0-857a08a43b6d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=2f4fb0c7-53a3-41f3-a5d0-857a08a43b6d","pdf_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/ft/?id=2f4fb0c7-53a3-41f3-a5d0-857a08a43b6d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"technical report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048445980.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048445980.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595134151","https://openalex.org/W3040155418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3044064106","https://openalex.org/W2546882855","https://openalex.org/W7097380484","https://openalex.org/W7133281281","https://openalex.org/W7133289649","https://openalex.org/W2806005183","https://openalex.org/W2323943323","https://openalex.org/W3119802764","https://openalex.org/W1996230179","https://openalex.org/W3116460354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,291],"Canada,":[1],"reports":[2],"of":[3,22,51,107,213,236,242,253,257,261,293,302,335],"marine":[4,45,52,353],"harmful":[5,195],"algal":[6,196],"blooms":[7,203],"(HABs)":[8],"have":[9,157,198],"increased":[10],"over":[11],"the":[12,20,49,81,101,123,163,240,249,258,286,315,333],"past":[13],"few":[14],"decades.":[15],"HABs":[16,262,282,354],"are":[17,33,42,305],"caused":[18],"by":[19,47,66,71,91,95,130,136,308,314],"growth":[21],"certain":[23],"phytoplankton":[24,298],"that":[25,171],"produce":[26],"phycotoxins":[27,156,170,321,356],"or":[28],"otherwise":[29],"cause":[30,173],"harm.":[31],"Phycotoxins":[32],"problematic":[34,76],"to":[35,44,175,225,280,284,327,339,358],"human":[36,176],"health,":[37],"and":[38,55,83,139,154,165,184,192,207,231,239,246,276,283,288,297,322,332,355,361],"their":[39],"cumulative":[40],"effects":[41],"stressors":[43],"ecosystems":[46],"causing":[48],"mortality":[50],"fish,":[53],"birds":[54],"mammals,":[56],"including":[57],"species":[58,197],"designated":[59],"at":[60],"risk.":[61],"Paralytic":[62],"Shellfish":[63,88,127],"Poisoning":[64,89,128],"(caused":[65,90,129],"saxitoxin":[67],"group":[68,133,187],"toxins":[69,134,188],"produced":[70,94,135],"Alexandrium":[72],"spp.)":[73,97,141],"has":[74,117],"been":[75,120,159,199],"for":[77,100,365],"years":[78],"on":[79,122,161,204],"both":[80,162,205],"east":[82,164,206],"west":[84,124,166,208],"Canadian":[85,150,167,209,220,250,316,352],"coasts.":[86,168,210],"Amnesic":[87],"domoic":[92,237],"acid":[93,116,132,238],"Pseudo-nitzschia":[96],"was":[98,142],"identified":[99],"first":[102,143],"time":[103],"worldwide":[104],"following":[105],"consumption":[106],"blue":[108],"mussels":[109],"from":[110,227],"eastern":[111,149],"Canada":[112,179],"in":[113,148,152,178,219,223,248,263,268,274,295,369],"1987.":[114],"Domoic":[115],"since":[118,158],"also":[119],"found":[121,160],"coast.":[125],"Diarrhetic":[126],"okadaic":[131],"Dinophysis":[137],"spp.":[138],"Prorocentrum":[140],"recognized":[144],"as":[145],"a":[146,363],"hazard":[147],"waters":[151,221],"1990,":[153],"these":[155],"Other":[169],"may":[172],"harm":[174],"health":[177],"include":[180],"pectenotoxins,":[181],"yessotoxins,":[182],"azaspiracids,":[183],"cyclic":[185],"imine":[186],"(spirolide":[189],"toxins,":[190],"pinnatoxins,":[191],"gymnodimines).":[193],"Multiple":[194],"associated":[200],"with":[201,270],"fish-killing":[202],"The":[211,234],"range":[212],"exotic":[214],"toxic/harmful":[215],"algae":[216,324],"is":[217,252,312,347],"expanding":[218],"due":[222],"part":[224],"introductions":[226],"ships\u2019":[228],"ballast":[229],"water":[230],"climate":[232],"change.":[233],"detection":[235],"discovery":[241],"several":[243],"toxigenic":[244],"diatoms":[245],"dinoflagellates":[247],"Arctic":[251],"increasing":[254],"concern":[255],"because":[256],"limited":[259],"knowledge":[260],"this":[264,370],"region.":[265],"Canada\u2019s":[266],"experience":[267],"dealing":[269],"toxic":[271,323],"events":[272],"resulted":[273],"research":[275,296,345,368],"monitoring":[277,299],"programs":[278,346],"designed":[279],"understand":[281],"assist":[285],"fishing":[287],"aquaculture":[289],"industries.":[290],"spite":[292],"decreases":[294],"efforts,":[300],"consumers":[301],"molluscan":[303],"shellfish":[304],"still":[306],"protected":[307],"phycotoxin":[309],"monitoring,":[310],"which":[311],"conducted":[313],"Food":[317],"Inspection":[318],"Agency.":[319],"Novel":[320],"will":[325],"continue":[326],"be":[328],"discovered.":[329],"Continued":[330],"vigilance":[331],"maintenance":[334],"an":[336],"effective":[337],"capacity":[338],"manage":[340],"developing":[341],"problems":[342],"via":[343],"strategic":[344],"essential.":[348],"This":[349],"document":[350],"reviews":[351],"up":[357],"late":[359],"2018,":[360],"provides":[362],"foundation":[364],"any":[366],"future":[367],"area.":[371]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-08-18T00:00:00"}
