{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048335448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2020.3014861","title":"Evaluation of Non-Invasive Ankle Joint Effort Prediction Methods for Use in Neurorehabilitation Using Electromyography and Ultrasound Imaging","display_name":"Evaluation of Non-Invasive Ankle Joint Effort Prediction Methods for Use in Neurorehabilitation Using Electromyography and Ultrasound Imaging","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048335448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2020.3014861","mag":"3048335448","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32759078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.3014861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2020.3014861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2020.3014861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381952","display_name":"Qiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8806-9672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8806-9672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131205","display_name":"Lampe Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03hakdk41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I4210131205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNC/NC State Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8806-9672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNC/NC State Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I4210131205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027880652","display_name":"Ashwin Iyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-3310","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-3310","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7321-9390"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131205","display_name":"Lampe Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03hakdk41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I4210131205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin Iyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNC/NC State Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNC/NC State Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I4210131205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101680847","display_name":"Kang Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-1135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-1135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134769","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155891","display_name":"McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04js6xx21","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210134769","https://openalex.org/I4210155891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-1135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210134769","https://openalex.org/I4210155891"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082987673","display_name":"Nitin Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1872-0156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1872-0156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131205","display_name":"Lampe Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03hakdk41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I4210131205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitin Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNC/NC State Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1872-0156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNC/NC State Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I4210131205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86843785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"3","first_page":"1044","last_page":"1055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle-dorsiflexion-moment","display_name":"ankle dorsiflexion moment","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-electromyography","display_name":"surface electromyography","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonography","display_name":"ultrasonography","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromuscular-ultrasound","display_name":"neuromuscular ultrasound","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pennation-angle","display_name":"pennation angle","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fascicle-length","display_name":"fascicle length","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echogenicity","display_name":"echogenicity","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-networks","display_name":"feedforward neural networks","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-drop","display_name":"foot drop","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assistive-robotics","display_name":"assistive robotics","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurorehabilitation","display_name":"neurorehabilitation","score":0.8949999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.6877673864364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6355178356170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.43094515800476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43050479888916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103486182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216236","display_name":"Isometric exercise","level":2,"score":0.427686870098114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36717408895492554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.32311350107192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.10893568396568298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10279086232185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066530","descriptor_name":"Neurological Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007537","descriptor_name":"Isometric Contraction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.3014861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2020.3014861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2020.3014861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32759078","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32759078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W592963477","https://openalex.org/W1480865411","https://openalex.org/W1522497566","https://openalex.org/W1898711361","https://openalex.org/W1933444487","https://openalex.org/W1947967821","https://openalex.org/W1969563952","https://openalex.org/W1973901357","https://openalex.org/W1979128225","https://openalex.org/W1990552907","https://openalex.org/W1997882198","https://openalex.org/W1998331641","https://openalex.org/W2008276678","https://openalex.org/W2008534355","https://openalex.org/W2017217079","https://openalex.org/W2017380219","https://openalex.org/W2019904259","https://openalex.org/W2021681877","https://openalex.org/W2026598133","https://openalex.org/W2026612021","https://openalex.org/W2034409218","https://openalex.org/W2035584097","https://openalex.org/W2039604754","https://openalex.org/W2043156807","https://openalex.org/W2058208302","https://openalex.org/W2062852601","https://openalex.org/W2072500831","https://openalex.org/W2087526920","https://openalex.org/W2097325258","https://openalex.org/W2101224818","https://openalex.org/W2102855006","https://openalex.org/W2103219300","https://openalex.org/W2109554249","https://openalex.org/W2113821729","https://openalex.org/W2123167643","https://openalex.org/W2124702357","https://openalex.org/W2134659836","https://openalex.org/W2135676645","https://openalex.org/W2137119997","https://openalex.org/W2157780858","https://openalex.org/W2165453261","https://openalex.org/W2173194528","https://openalex.org/W2209690788","https://openalex.org/W2280792794","https://openalex.org/W2326479486","https://openalex.org/W2467301443","https://openalex.org/W2483269234","https://openalex.org/W2587878592","https://openalex.org/W2741295588","https://openalex.org/W2798257081","https://openalex.org/W2823393592","https://openalex.org/W2887073718","https://openalex.org/W2909532675","https://openalex.org/W2910122298","https://openalex.org/W2965786791","https://openalex.org/W2971685831","https://openalex.org/W2979907076","https://openalex.org/W2987704671","https://openalex.org/W3008933719","https://openalex.org/W3098988622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2987704671","https://openalex.org/W4200359217","https://openalex.org/W3196338328","https://openalex.org/W4207063427","https://openalex.org/W4294749304","https://openalex.org/W3195102198","https://openalex.org/W3094537890","https://openalex.org/W6944326784","https://openalex.org/W2966748489","https://openalex.org/W3107328949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Reliable":[1],"measurement":[2],"of":[3,72,97,161],"voluntary":[4,22,101,129],"human":[5,197],"effort":[6,23,52,63,102,130,208],"is":[7,68],"essential":[8],"for":[9,81],"effective":[10],"and":[11,17,61,78,99,115,125,127,140,153,174,189,216],"safe":[12,215],"interaction":[13],"between":[14],"the":[15,58,91,94,148,158,212],"wearer":[16],"an":[18,47],"assistive":[19],"robot.":[20],"Existing":[21],"prediction":[24,34,53,64,95,103,131,149,159,179,209],"methods":[25,54],"that":[26,55,105],"use":[27,83,106],"surface":[28],"electromyography":[29],"(sEMG)":[30],"are":[31],"susceptible":[32],"to":[33,37,166,170,214],"inaccuracies":[35],"due":[36],"non-selectivity":[38],"in":[39,84,220],"measuring":[40],"muscle":[41,59,122],"responses.":[42],"This":[43],"technical":[44],"challenge":[45],"motivates":[46],"investigation":[48],"into":[49],"alternative":[50],"non-invasive":[51],"directly":[56],"visualize":[57],"response":[60],"improve":[62,157,176],"accuracy.":[65,180,203],"The":[66,110,182,205],"paper":[67],"a":[69],"comparative":[70],"study":[71,92,111],"ultrasound":[73],"imaging":[74],"(US)-derived":[75],"neuromuscular":[76,142],"signals":[77,80,114],"sEMG":[79,113],"their":[82],"predicting":[85],"isometric":[86],"ankle":[87,198,207],"dorsiflexion":[88,162,177],"moment.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"evaluates":[93,112],"accuracy":[96,160],"model-based":[98],"model-free":[100],"approaches":[104],"these":[107],"signals.":[108],"METHODS:":[109],"three":[116,128],"US":[117],"imaging-derived":[118],"signals:":[119],"pennation":[120,151,191],"angle,":[121],"fascicle":[123,154,194],"length,":[124],"echogenicity":[126],"methods:":[132],"linear":[133],"regression":[134],"(LR),":[135],"feedforward":[136],"neural":[137],"network":[138],"(FFNN),":[139],"Hill-type":[141],"model":[143],"(HNM).":[144],"RESULTS:":[145],"In":[146],"all":[147],"methods,":[150],"angle":[152,192],"length":[155,195],"significantly":[156],"moment,":[163],"when":[164],"compared":[165,169],"echogenicity.":[167],"Also,":[168],"LR,":[171],"both":[172],"FFNN":[173,185],"HNM":[175,187],"moment":[178],"CONCLUSION:":[181],"findings":[183],"indicate":[184],"or":[186,193],"approach":[188],"using":[190],"predict":[196],"movement":[199],"intent":[200],"with":[201,222],"higher":[202],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[204],"accurate":[206],"will":[210],"pave":[211],"path":[213],"reliable":[217],"robotic":[218],"assistance":[219],"patients":[221],"drop":[223],"foot.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-08-13T00:00:00"}