{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047636367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166456","title":"Determinants of the Public Debt in the Eurozone and Its Sustainability Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic","display_name":"Determinants of the Public Debt in the Eurozone and Its Sustainability Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047636367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166456","mag":"3047636367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su12166456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166456","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6456/pdf?version=1597204565","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6456/pdf?version=1597204565","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069833285","display_name":"Hern\u00e1n Ricardo Brice\u00f1o Avalos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-3625","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-3625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hern\u00e1n Ricardo Brice\u00f1o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Economic History and Instituto Multidisciplinar de Empresa (IME), Campus Miguel de Unamuno (F.E.S. Building), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Economic History and Instituto Multidisciplinar de Empresa (IME), Campus Miguel de Unamuno (F.E.S. Building), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088062433","display_name":"Javier Perote","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-4370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-4370"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Perote","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Economic History and Instituto Multidisciplinar de Empresa (IME), Campus Miguel de Unamuno (F.E.S. Building), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-4370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Economic History and Instituto Multidisciplinar de Empresa (IME), Campus Miguel de Unamuno (F.E.S. Building), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069833285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"fwci":8.7116,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97665784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"16","first_page":"6456","last_page":"6456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14166","display_name":"European Monetary and Fiscal Policies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-debt-sustainability","display_name":"public debt sustainability","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euro-area","display_name":"euro area","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sovereign-debt-crisis","display_name":"sovereign debt crisis","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rates","display_name":"interest rates","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"life expectancy","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-effectiveness","display_name":"government effectiveness","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-quality","display_name":"institutional quality","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pension-reform","display_name":"pension reform","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment-insurance","display_name":"unemployment insurance","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-policy","display_name":"fiscal policy","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.6208046078681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.619310736656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.6025727987289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.5397971272468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778489760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12695","display_name":"Government debt","level":3,"score":0.5163332223892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106210156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1559695","display_name":"Debt-to-GDP ratio","level":4,"score":0.5098258852958679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.46546506881713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175025494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179179","display_name":"Interest rate","level":2,"score":0.44548407196998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4392622113227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.41534367203712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.35489144921302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.32316815853118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202189257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915683","display_name":"Internal debt","level":3,"score":0.2674018442630768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09414932131767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.08904305100440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su12166456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166456","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6456/pdf?version=1597204565","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:16:p:6456-:d:397280","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6456/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dd6d2b3c6c5747cc9ef68d4a13afaaab","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dd6d2b3c6c5747cc9ef68d4a13afaaab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 6456, p 6456 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su12166456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166456","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6456/pdf?version=1597204565","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5318921321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SA049G19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325114","funder_display_name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325114","display_name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02s8dab97"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329058","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/028c4z094"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047636367.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047636367.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99894840","https://openalex.org/W1577242883","https://openalex.org/W1601025108","https://openalex.org/W1604927409","https://openalex.org/W2081353611","https://openalex.org/W2127988522","https://openalex.org/W2134493901","https://openalex.org/W2144357229","https://openalex.org/W2315064413","https://openalex.org/W2551945467","https://openalex.org/W2589179365","https://openalex.org/W2596713872","https://openalex.org/W2726991722","https://openalex.org/W2735790300","https://openalex.org/W2780744508","https://openalex.org/W2796403270","https://openalex.org/W2915477755","https://openalex.org/W2954876916","https://openalex.org/W3010677905","https://openalex.org/W3041851854","https://openalex.org/W3121403162","https://openalex.org/W3123200913","https://openalex.org/W3125153996","https://openalex.org/W3143286185","https://openalex.org/W7030618329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392753310","https://openalex.org/W6892230092","https://openalex.org/W4401123762","https://openalex.org/W4408805585","https://openalex.org/W1530719017","https://openalex.org/W2769785109","https://openalex.org/W4417137334","https://openalex.org/W6925104853","https://openalex.org/W3099889637","https://openalex.org/W4362715359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Different":[0],"economic":[1,50,101,132],"studies":[2],"have":[3,20,67],"been":[4],"concentrated":[5],"on":[6,26],"specific":[7],"and/or":[8],"isolated":[9],"factors":[10],"to":[11,87,91,98,138,145,169],"explain":[12],"public":[13,143,171],"debt":[14,65,78,172],"evolution.":[15,76],"In":[16],"this":[17],"article":[18],"we":[19],"developed":[21],"an":[22,95,147],"integrated":[23],"viewpoint":[24],"based":[25],"financial,":[27],"social":[28],"and":[29,61,103,114,117,134,162],"governance":[30,116],"or":[31],"institutional":[32,118],"factors.":[33],"Under":[34],"our":[35],"dynamic":[36],"econometric":[37],"assessment":[38],"for":[39],"the":[40,46,62,71,85,108,121],"last":[41,63],"two":[42],"decades":[43],"(i.e.,":[44],"since":[45],"Euro":[47],"currency":[48],"inception),":[49],"growth,":[51],"interest":[52],"rate,":[53,97],"life":[54,105,111],"expectancy":[55,112],"at":[56,94],"birth,":[57],"unemployment,":[58],"government":[59],"effectiveness":[60],"sovereign":[64],"crisis":[66],"resulted":[68],"as":[69],"being":[70],"major":[72],"determinants":[73],"of":[74,110],"its":[75],"Public":[77],"sustainability":[79,173],"must":[80],"be":[81],"assessed":[82],"continuously":[83],"with":[84,129],"aim":[86],"discuss":[88],"technical":[89],"recommendations":[90],"maintain":[92],"it":[93],"even":[96],"allow":[99],"sustainable":[100],"growth":[102,133],"better":[104],"standards,":[106],"in":[107,159],"context":[109],"increasing":[113],"stable":[115],"conditions.":[119],"Undoubtedly,":[120],"Covid-19":[122,175],"pandemic":[123],"leads":[124],"more":[125],"damaged":[126],"Eurozone":[127],"countries":[128],"negative":[130],"real":[131],"high":[135],"unemployment":[136,163],"rates":[137],"increase":[139],"dramatically":[140],"their":[141],"current":[142],"debts,":[144],"such":[146],"extent":[148],"that":[149],"they":[150],"could":[151],"fall":[152],"into":[153],"unsustainable":[154],"paths.":[155],"Therefore,":[156],"substantial":[157],"reforms":[158],"European":[160],"pension":[161],"insurance":[164],"systems":[165],"are":[166],"necessary":[167],"conditions":[168],"ensure":[170],"amid":[174],"pandemic.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-08-13T00:00:00"}