{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046895623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rams48030.2020.9153674","title":"Software Assurance of Autonomous Spacecraft Control","display_name":"Software Assurance of Autonomous Spacecraft Control","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046895623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rams48030.2020.9153674","mag":"3046895623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rams48030.2020.9153674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rams48030.2020.9153674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rams48030.2020.9153674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171523","display_name":"Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS)","issn_l":"0149-144X","issn":["0149-144X","2577-0993"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041569289","display_name":"Ben Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-3834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-3834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073539946","display_name":"Martin S. Feather","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-4385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-4385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin S. Feather","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111630333","display_name":"Terry L. Huntsberger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry Huntsberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000879708","display_name":"Robert L. Bocchino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bocchino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58878315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-assurance","display_name":"software assurance","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assurance-cases","display_name":"assurance cases","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-spacecraft-control","display_name":"autonomous spacecraft control","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cubesat","display_name":"CubeSat","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-analysis","display_name":"hazard analysis","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-integration","display_name":"software integration","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-review","display_name":"software review","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-verification","display_name":"software verification","score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-validation","display_name":"software validation","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-reuse","display_name":"software reuse","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"software evolution","score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering-process-improvement","display_name":"software engineering process improvement","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering-research","display_name":"software engineering research","score":0.3050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142930","display_name":"CubeSat","level":3,"score":0.8269577026367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6029658317565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5141623020172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4962635636329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.44398626685142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43880021572113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3992023766040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24988442659378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0676480233669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06383708119392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.062129974365234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rams48030.2020.9153674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rams48030.2020.9153674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rams48030.2020.9153674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171523","display_name":"Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS)","issn_l":"0149-144X","issn":["0149-144X","2577-0993"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135733646","https://openalex.org/W1538014561","https://openalex.org/W2170178247","https://openalex.org/W2184420928","https://openalex.org/W2337977166","https://openalex.org/W2607372571","https://openalex.org/W2751654371","https://openalex.org/W2782091188","https://openalex.org/W2811422974","https://openalex.org/W2896864230","https://openalex.org/W2951603756","https://openalex.org/W3095295464","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6686532204","https://openalex.org/W6785190826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W25681885","https://openalex.org/W7097714202","https://openalex.org/W3170635998","https://openalex.org/W4391324688","https://openalex.org/W2782091188","https://openalex.org/W2066119078","https://openalex.org/W2321949319","https://openalex.org/W2132527380","https://openalex.org/W4377866092","https://openalex.org/W4391960367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"&":[1],"Conclusions:":[2],"The":[3,65,124,157,464],"work":[4],"described":[5],"addresses":[6],"assurance":[7,35,56,84,99,122,140,161,212,254,281,330],"of":[8,25,36,40,69,107,145,159,211,257,303,325,359,369,415,501,506,550],"a":[9,87,146,195,311,319,367,441,476],"planning":[10,147,508],"and":[11,60,72,105,126,148,179,267,300,393,419,436,472,492,509],"execution":[12,149,510],"software":[13,43,150,178,182,201,230,236,249,361,417,429,460,511],"system":[14,183,418],"being":[15,188],"added":[16,42,177],"to":[17,21,33,50,53,58,80,96,116,139,142,193,208,228,264,269,279,286,293,295,351,381,391,394,407,458,475,494],"an":[18,55,152,160,259,314,329],"in-orbit":[19],"CubeSat":[20,71,308],"demonstrate":[22],"autonomous":[23],"control":[24],"that":[26],"spacecraft.":[27],"Our":[28],"focus":[29,164],"was":[30,52,94,187,317],"on":[31,167,389,400,522],"how":[32],"develop":[34],"the":[37,41,62,70,92,102,108,127,143,168,173,176,180,216,229,235,238,248,253,284,307,342,355,360,378,384,387,397,405,416,420,427,438,448,459,486,502,507,519,523,535],"correct":[38,410],"operation":[39],"in":[44,86,440,518,528],"its":[45,73],"operational":[46],"context,":[47],"our":[48,83,121,137,165,224,334,348,413,453,545],"approach":[49,85,138],"which":[51,185,333,390],"use":[54,158],"case":[57,162,213,255],"guide":[59],"organize":[61,270],"information":[63,327],"involved.":[64],"relatively":[66,88],"manageable":[67],"magnitude":[68],"autonomy":[74,109,315],"demonstration":[75,316],"experiment":[76],"made":[77],"it":[78,186],"plausible":[79],"try":[81],"out":[82],"short":[89],"timeframe.":[90],"Additionally,":[91],"time":[93,357],"ripe":[95],"inject":[97],"useful":[98,266,456],"results":[100,439,457,547],"into":[101,151,184,237,261],"ongoing":[103],"development":[104,379],"testing":[106],"demonstration.":[110],"In":[111,203,244,483],"conducting":[112,347],"this,":[113],"we":[114,129,205,251,274,425],"sought":[115],"answer":[117],"several":[118],"questions":[119],"about":[120,496],"approach.":[123],"questions,":[125],"conclusions":[128],"reached,":[130],"are":[131],"as":[132,283,310,386,411,537,552],"follows:":[133],"1.":[134],"Question:":[135,222,345,451],"Would":[136,223,346,452],"apply":[141],"introduction":[144],"existing":[153,181,240,428,469],"system?":[154,241],"Conclusion:":[155,242,363,462],"Yes.":[156,364,463],"helped":[163],"attention":[166,474],"more":[169,503],"challenging":[170],"aspects,":[171],"notably":[172],"interactions":[174,385],"between":[175],"introduced.":[189],"This":[190],"guided":[191],"us":[192],"choose":[194],"hazard":[196,217,398,465],"analysis":[197,399,466,487,546],"method":[198],"specifically":[199],"for":[200,445,540],"interactions.":[202,402],"addition,":[204],"were":[206],"able":[207],"automate":[209],"generation":[210],"elements":[214],"from":[215,297],"analysis'":[218],"tabular":[219],"representation.":[220],"2.":[221],"methods":[225,349,454],"prove":[226,350],"understandable":[227,268],"engineers":[231,250],"tasked":[232],"with":[233,247,323,332,354,377,447,534],"integrating":[234],"CubeSat's":[239],"Somewhat.":[243],"interim":[245],"discussions":[246],"found":[252],"style,":[256],"decomposing":[258],"argument":[260],"smaller":[262],"pieces,":[263],"be":[265,337,352,512,526,549],"discussion.":[271],"Ultimately":[272],"however":[273],"did":[275,431],"not":[276,516],"persuade":[277],"them":[278,497],"adopt":[280],"cases":[282],"means":[285],"present":[287],"review":[288,326],"information.":[289],"We":[290,365,403,531],"attribute":[291],"this":[292,322],"reluctance":[294],"deviate":[296],"JPL's":[298],"tried":[299],"true":[301],"style":[302],"holding":[304],"reviews.":[305],"For":[306],"project":[309],"whole,":[312],"hosting":[313],"already":[318],"novelty.":[320],"Combining":[321],"presentation":[324],"via":[328],"case,":[331],"reviewers":[335],"would":[336,339],"unaccustomed,":[338],"have":[340],"exacerbated":[341],"unfamiliarity.":[343],"3.":[344],"compatible":[353],"(limited)":[356],"available":[358],"engineers?":[362,461],"used":[366,404,527],"series":[368],"six":[370],"brief":[371],"meetings":[372,406,424],"(approximately":[373],"one":[374],"hour":[375],"each)":[376],"team":[380],"first":[382],"identify":[383],"area":[388],"focus,":[392],"then":[395],"perform":[396],"those":[401],"confirm,":[408],"or":[409],"necessary,":[412],"understanding":[414],"spacecraft":[421],"context.":[422],"Between":[423],"studied":[426],"documentation,":[430],"preliminary":[432],"analyses":[433],"by":[434],"ourselves,":[435],"documented":[437],"concise":[442],"form":[443],"suitable":[444],"discussion":[446],"team.":[449],"4.":[450],"yield":[455],"systematically":[467],"confirmed":[468],"hazards'":[470],"mitigations,":[471],"drew":[473],"mitigation":[477],"whose":[478],"implementation":[479],"needed":[480],"particular":[481],"care.":[482],"some":[484,500],"cases,":[485],"identified":[488],"potential":[489],"hazards":[490],"-":[491,498],"what":[493],"do":[495],"should":[499],"sophisticated":[504],"capabilities":[505],"used.":[513],"These":[514],"capabilities,":[515],"exercised":[517],"initial":[520],"experiments":[521],"CubeSat,":[524],"may":[525],"future":[529,542],"experiments.":[530],"remain":[532],"involved":[533],"developers":[536],"they":[538],"prepare":[539],"these":[541,553],"experiments,":[543],"so":[544],"will":[548],"benefit":[551],"proceed.":[554]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2020-08-07T00:00:00"}