{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046201650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0403","title":"Slurs, Pejoratives, and Hate Speech","display_name":"Slurs, Pejoratives, and Hate Speech","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046201650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0403","mag":"3046201650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy","raw_type":"reference-entry"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166840152","display_name":"Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/POPSPA.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015886872","display_name":"Mihaela Popa\u2010Wyatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-9247","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-9247"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802626578","display_name":"Oxford University Press (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0336mm561","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802626578","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141454","display_name":"Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics","ror":"https://ror.org/03wz9xk91","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210141454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["DE","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mihaela Popa-Wyatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marie Curie Fellow, Semantics/Pragmatics FB4, Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS) Berlin","Columbia University Press, 1983","Oxford University Press, 2019"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marie Curie Fellow, Semantics/Pragmatics FB4, Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS) Berlin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University Press, 1983","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University Press, 2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802626578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015886872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802626578","https://openalex.org/I4210141454","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13959","display_name":"Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism","score":0.6621000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13959","display_name":"Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism","score":0.6621000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.1809999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12320","display_name":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","score":0.03840000182390213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slurs","display_name":"slurs","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pejorative-language","display_name":"pejorative language","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-speech","display_name":"hate speech","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-conditional-semantics","display_name":"truth-conditional semantics","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-aptness","display_name":"truth-aptness","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bigotry","display_name":"bigotry","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essentialism","display_name":"essentialism","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-facts","display_name":"moral facts","score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inferentialism","display_name":"inferentialism","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4933589994907379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.49114057421684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.47965338826179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.4673946797847748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.44554203748703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780641677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815726","display_name":"Solidarity","level":3,"score":0.43724170327186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98447023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540351","display_name":"Social identity theory","level":3,"score":0.43152010440826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780903317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3625599","display_name":"Complicity","level":2,"score":0.42848584055900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.37434232234954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.24832850694656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180872759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874405","display_name":"Social group","level":2,"score":0.24107632040977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.21128395199775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.14158445596694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13791412115097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13051247596740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy","raw_type":"reference-entry"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/57cab92c-b5e4-444d-9c5d-2871f87953d0","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/57cab92c-b5e4-444d-9c5d-2871f87953d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Popa-Wyatt, M 2020, Slurs, Pejoratives, and Hate Speech. in Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy. Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy. Ed. Duncan Pritchard. New York: Oxford University Press.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/POPSPA","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/POPSPA","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/POPSPA.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/POPSPA","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/POPSPA","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/POPSPA","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/POPSPA","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/POPSPA.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.44999998807907104}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3046201650.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3046201650.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W257673036","https://openalex.org/W1972907964","https://openalex.org/W1999891584","https://openalex.org/W2024417417","https://openalex.org/W2045385380","https://openalex.org/W2092987299","https://openalex.org/W2095334013","https://openalex.org/W2571220862","https://openalex.org/W2588737187","https://openalex.org/W2606086542","https://openalex.org/W2610414254","https://openalex.org/W2962832035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914310027","https://openalex.org/W1589171248","https://openalex.org/W7099086183","https://openalex.org/W1199436745","https://openalex.org/W2119498952","https://openalex.org/W4409558899","https://openalex.org/W2939410395","https://openalex.org/W2026786252","https://openalex.org/W2789828666","https://openalex.org/W7095704769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conditional":[0],"Semantic":[1,55],"Accounts:":[2],"Critique":[3],"of":[4,70,76,79,103,109,167,182,270,284,308,311],"Truth-Conditional":[5,54],"Accounts)":[6],"allow":[7],"that":[8,22,65,115,161,232,240,256,274,291,315],"sentences":[9],"containing":[10,300],"slurs":[11,116,127,224,234,242,275,292,312],"can":[12,259],"be":[13,174,247,262],"true.Hom":[14],"2008":[15,30,57],"and":[16,18,28,58,87,91,94,96,128,146,225,243,251,276,295,313],"Hom":[17,59,86,90,95],"May":[19,88,92,97],"2013":[20],"claim":[21],"they":[23,32],"are":[24,33,287,293],"always":[25,190],"false.Saka":[26],"2007":[27],"Richard":[29],"argue":[31],"neither":[34],"true":[35],"nor":[36],"false.The":[37,191],"underlying":[38],"question":[39],"is":[40,82,114,189],"whether":[41],"responding":[42],"\"true\"":[43],"or":[44],"\"false\"":[45],"to":[46,139,173,176,211,213,246],"slurring":[47],"utterances":[48],"makes":[49],"one":[50,171],"complicit":[51],"in":[52,85,106,144,149,155,209,260],"bigotry.":[53],"AccountsHom":[56],"2012":[60],"provide":[61,217],"a":[62,74,153,168,200],"truth-conditional":[63,196,207],"semantics":[64,108,298,310],"captures":[66],"the":[67,77,101,107,122,132,140,159,165,187,195,221,267,279,309],"derogatory":[68,192,280],"content":[69,193,281],"slur":[71,201],"terms":[72],"as":[73,282,299],"property":[75],"contemptibility":[78],"targets.This":[80],"framework":[81],"later":[83],"developed":[84],"2013,":[89],"2014,":[93],"2018,":[98],"which":[99],"consider":[100],"role":[102],"oppressive":[104],"ideologies":[105],"slurs.The":[110],"key":[111],"hypothesis":[112],"here":[113],"work":[117],"like":[118],"fictional":[119],"terms.This":[120],"explains":[121,296],"distinction":[123,154,222],"from":[124,158,322],"neutral":[125,129,226,244],"counterparts:":[126],"counterparts":[130,245],"target":[131],"same":[133,141],"individuals":[134],"but":[135],"do":[136],"not":[137],"refer":[138],"individuals.They":[142],"differ":[143,148],"extension":[145],"thus":[147,186],"meaning.The":[150],"motivation":[151],"for":[152,220,237],"meaning":[156],"comes":[157],"fact":[160,261],"moral":[162,178],"facts":[163],"falsify":[164],"predication":[166],"slur:":[169],"no":[170],"deserves":[172],"subject":[175],"negative":[177],"evaluation":[179],"merely":[180],"because":[181],"one's":[183],"group":[184],"membership,":[185],"utterance":[188],"exhausts":[194],"contribution":[197],"made":[198],"by":[199],"term.Diaz-Leon":[202],"2019":[203,303],"develops":[204,304],"an":[205,305],"inferentialist":[206],"account":[208],"response":[210],"critiques":[212],"Hom-style":[214],"semantics.Other":[215],"accounts":[216,239,264],"different":[218],"arguments":[219],"between":[223],"counterparts.For":[227],"example,":[228],"DiFranco":[229],"2015":[230],"argues":[231,255,273,290],"compound":[233],"raise":[235],"difficulties":[236],"semantic":[238],"take":[241],"equivalent,":[248],"whereas":[249],"Caso":[250],"Lo":[252],"Gercio":[253],"2016":[254],"these":[257],"cases":[258],"accommodated.Other":[263],"focus":[265],"on":[266],"truth-aptness":[268],"features":[269],"slurs.Picardi":[271],"2006":[272],"pejoratives":[277],"contribute":[278],"part":[283],"what":[285],"speakers":[286],"saying.Mi\u0161\u010devi\u0107":[288],"2011":[289],"truth-apt":[294],"their":[297],"stereotypical":[301],"properties.Neufeld":[302],"essentialist":[306],"model":[307],"shows":[314],"this":[316],"view":[317],"receives":[318],"robust":[319],"empirical":[320],"support":[321],"cognitive":[323],"psychology.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2020-08-03T00:00:00"}