{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045950202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","title":"Public R&D support and firm performance: A multivariate dose-response analysis","display_name":"Public R&D support and firm performance: A multivariate dose-response analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045950202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","mag":"3045950202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733320301451/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9731383","display_name":"Research Policy","issn_l":"0048-7333","issn":["0048-7333","1873-7625"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733320301451/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086812960","display_name":"\u00d8ivind Anti Nilsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-8586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-8586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931913249","display_name":"Norwegian School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04v53s997","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931913249"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00d8ivind A. Nilsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931913249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031299890","display_name":"Arvid Raknerud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321605679","display_name":"Statistics Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/02e50va28","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321605679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvid Raknerud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Department, Statistics Norway, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Department, Statistics Norway, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321605679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063782761","display_name":"Diana\u2010Cristina Iancu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321605679","display_name":"Statistics Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/02e50va28","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321605679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana-Cristina Iancu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Statistical Methods, Statistics Norway, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Statistical Methods, Statistics Norway, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321605679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086812960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931913249"],"apc_list":{"value":4280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4280},"apc_paid":{"value":4280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4280},"fwci":5.8395,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96459367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"7","first_page":"104067","last_page":"104067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-support","display_name":"research and development support","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-subsidies","display_name":"R&D subsidies","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-credits","display_name":"tax credits","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-response-analysis","display_name":"dose-response analysis","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-productivity","display_name":"labor productivity","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-assets","display_name":"return on assets","score":0.9750000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779348450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681333","display_name":"Additionality","level":2,"score":0.9525108337402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5699269771575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5659159421920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993622102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161355","display_name":"Public support","level":2,"score":0.5644757747650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.5361974239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5265603065490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.40931418538093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3579615354537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3423337936401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.2974671721458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.13387304544448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10032540559768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733320301451/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9731383","display_name":"Research Policy","issn_l":"0048-7333","issn":["0048-7333","1873-7625"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3209748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3209748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3209748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:respol:v:49:y:2020:i:7:s0048733320301451","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733320301451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.nhh.no:11250/3159086","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3159086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"49","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ssb.brage.unit.no:11250/2733629","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2733629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"16.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.104067","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733320301451/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9731383","display_name":"Research Policy","issn_l":"0048-7333","issn":["0048-7333","1873-7625"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1194811345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"256240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330758","display_name":"Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology, United Nations University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045950202.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045950202.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82080873","https://openalex.org/W119131280","https://openalex.org/W615215593","https://openalex.org/W1485907744","https://openalex.org/W1515828664","https://openalex.org/W1843325215","https://openalex.org/W1970010064","https://openalex.org/W1978125212","https://openalex.org/W1993543214","https://openalex.org/W2034084704","https://openalex.org/W2038328972","https://openalex.org/W2064676478","https://openalex.org/W2066735350","https://openalex.org/W2080157908","https://openalex.org/W2128354581","https://openalex.org/W2138752415","https://openalex.org/W2148496614","https://openalex.org/W2162484441","https://openalex.org/W2252370213","https://openalex.org/W2318419259","https://openalex.org/W2463919736","https://openalex.org/W2495829876","https://openalex.org/W2544968833","https://openalex.org/W2569738067","https://openalex.org/W2616886722","https://openalex.org/W2750510984","https://openalex.org/W2761451034","https://openalex.org/W2810711069","https://openalex.org/W2979420945","https://openalex.org/W2985829279","https://openalex.org/W3023192715","https://openalex.org/W3023499496","https://openalex.org/W3121385028","https://openalex.org/W3121593759","https://openalex.org/W3122370686","https://openalex.org/W3123573210","https://openalex.org/W3123588171","https://openalex.org/W3124341533","https://openalex.org/W3124680974","https://openalex.org/W3125042218","https://openalex.org/W3125327005","https://openalex.org/W3125459289","https://openalex.org/W3147078334","https://openalex.org/W3148215884","https://openalex.org/W3214661451","https://openalex.org/W4205641472","https://openalex.org/W4210955563","https://openalex.org/W4234571702","https://openalex.org/W4241209306","https://openalex.org/W4251245929","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388078462","https://openalex.org/W6759741524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7113459454","https://openalex.org/W3122208249","https://openalex.org/W7010648683","https://openalex.org/W2761451034","https://openalex.org/W4307349942","https://openalex.org/W3159218793","https://openalex.org/W4255021939","https://openalex.org/W7110563921","https://openalex.org/W2913050661","https://openalex.org/W2522454302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,146],"analyse":[1],"all":[2,63,97],"the":[3,16,26,30,78,107,134,159,166,177,193,196,199],"major":[4],"sources":[5],"of":[6,46,62,81,96,152,165,186],"direct":[7,111],"and":[8,11,120],"indirect":[9],"research":[10],"development":[12],"(R&D)":[13],"support":[14,32,47,65,82,113,128,154],"to":[15,48,66,83,198],"business":[17,67,178],"enterprise":[18,179],"sector":[19,180],"in":[20,114,127,184],"a":[21,39],"single":[22],"country,":[23],"Norway,":[24],"for":[25,33,71,110,163,176],"period":[27],"2002\u20132013,":[28],"treating":[29],"financial":[31],"R&D":[34,54,64,88,98,112,153,174],"from":[35,195],"several":[36],"instruments":[37,109,137,175],"as":[38],"multivariate":[40],"dose":[41],"exposure.":[42],"The":[43],"output":[44,119],"additionality":[45,80],"incumbent":[49],"firms":[50],"that":[51,173,190],"regularly":[52],"perform":[53],"(R&D-incumbents),":[55],"which":[56,90],"obtain":[57,91],"about":[58,92],"65":[59],"per":[60,94,123],"cent":[61,95],"enterprises,":[68],"is":[69,100,172],"insignificant":[70],"any":[72,164],"instrument":[73],"or":[74,158],"policy":[75,170],"mixture.":[76],"However,":[77],"estimated":[79],"R&D-starters":[84,187],"(firms":[85],"without":[86],"prior":[87],"activity),":[89],"30":[93],"support,":[99],"generally":[101],"positive.":[102],"In":[103],"this":[104],"firm":[105],"category,":[106],"main":[108,169],"Norway":[115],"generate":[116],"significantly":[117],"less":[118],"economic":[121],"activity":[122],"NOK":[124],"1":[125],"million":[126],"than":[129],"do":[130,147],"tax":[131],"credits,":[132],"despite":[133],"fact":[135],"these":[136],"manage":[138],"large":[139],"project":[140],"portfolios":[141],"at":[142],"considerable":[143],"administrative":[144],"costs.":[145],"not":[148],"identify":[149],"positive":[150],"effects":[151],"on":[155,161],"labour":[156],"productivity":[157],"return":[160],"assets":[162],"instruments.":[167],"Our":[168],"implication":[171],"should":[181],"be":[182],"designed":[183],"favour":[185],"over":[188],"R&D-incumbents,":[189],"is,":[191],"shifting":[192],"focus":[194],"intensive":[197],"extensive":[200],"margin.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-08-03T00:00:00"}
