{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045849026","doi":null,"title":"Improving and evaluating the methodology for calculating offshoring of emissions","display_name":"Improving and evaluating the methodology for calculating offshoring of emissions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045849026","mag":"3045849026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"master thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004922657","display_name":"Jeroen Wiersema","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen Wiersema","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004922657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-differences","display_name":"technology differences","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-counting","display_name":"double counting","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-intensity","display_name":"emission intensity","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developed-and-developing-countries","display_name":"developed and developing countries","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-heterogeneity","display_name":"firm heterogeneity","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-policy","display_name":"climate policy","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39302471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9051832","display_name":"Offshoring","level":3,"score":0.9511373043060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.6573278903961182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.525732159614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5111811757087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3978913426399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36462244391441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.33972835540771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.33922091126441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.32401710748672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.15282830595970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11114713549613953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.09719890356063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0708979070186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"master thesis"},{"id":"mag:3045849026","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2/datastream/OBJ/download","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b51cbf0-d335-4430-a72a-a67da98e74d2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"master thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045849026.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045849026.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534847451","https://openalex.org/W1798739633","https://openalex.org/W1826798079","https://openalex.org/W1829986159","https://openalex.org/W1984190418","https://openalex.org/W1984751861","https://openalex.org/W1990136783","https://openalex.org/W1990142528","https://openalex.org/W1992698519","https://openalex.org/W2006936299","https://openalex.org/W2007080465","https://openalex.org/W2030091271","https://openalex.org/W2037426155","https://openalex.org/W2038033050","https://openalex.org/W2038600428","https://openalex.org/W2048849456","https://openalex.org/W2049235562","https://openalex.org/W2054284441","https://openalex.org/W2055454458","https://openalex.org/W2060508909","https://openalex.org/W2064985878","https://openalex.org/W2073301859","https://openalex.org/W2074078642","https://openalex.org/W2078376148","https://openalex.org/W2086040868","https://openalex.org/W2096037123","https://openalex.org/W2105414963","https://openalex.org/W2119106412","https://openalex.org/W2123325599","https://openalex.org/W2125481562","https://openalex.org/W2153118634","https://openalex.org/W2154276624","https://openalex.org/W2161041152","https://openalex.org/W2164703638","https://openalex.org/W2166001406","https://openalex.org/W2178348550","https://openalex.org/W2193308331","https://openalex.org/W2238676936","https://openalex.org/W2295740494","https://openalex.org/W2305213140","https://openalex.org/W2513006193","https://openalex.org/W2521526154","https://openalex.org/W2549877311","https://openalex.org/W2772619228","https://openalex.org/W2793101572","https://openalex.org/W2904816090","https://openalex.org/W3023553194","https://openalex.org/W3125383914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409528617","https://openalex.org/W4205591457","https://openalex.org/W2904816090","https://openalex.org/W4256074690","https://openalex.org/W2050871294","https://openalex.org/W3096014625","https://openalex.org/W2257935172","https://openalex.org/W2038479297","https://openalex.org/W7113673577","https://openalex.org/W4387984998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,204],"research":[1],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,7,12,55,115,122,127,139,148],"improve":[4],"the":[5,42,96,117,124,130,141,144,158,222,240,246,262,266,272,285,294],"method":[6,40,54],"calculate":[8,56,140],"offshoring":[9,19,57,75,166],"of":[10,41,44,120,132,179,242,256,268,293],"emissions":[11,20,45,181],"understand":[13],"if":[14],"developed":[15,26,208],"countries":[16,27,73,102,209,228],"were":[17,210,229],"increasingly":[18],"towards":[21,201,215],"developing":[22,216],"countries.":[23,67,217],"By":[24],"offshoring,":[25],"can":[28],"achieve":[29],"their":[30,35,84,278],"climate":[31],"goals":[32],"without":[33],"improving":[34,83],"carbon":[36,86],"efficiencies.":[37,87],"The":[38],"widely-used":[39],"balance":[43],"embodied":[46],"in":[47,64,79,107,224,235,277],"trade":[48],"(BEET)":[49],"is":[50,60],"not":[51,168,193,211,230,289],"a":[52,151,195,290],"suitable":[53],"because":[58],"it":[59,69,270],"influenced":[61],"by":[62,103,233,239],"differences":[63,100,106,223,234],"technologies":[65],"between":[66,101,197,227],"Therefore,":[68,281],"may":[70],"seem":[71],"that":[72,207,221,274,284],"are":[74,82],"emission-intensive":[76,202,213],"industries,":[77],"while":[78],"reality,":[80],"they":[81],"domestic":[85],"To":[88],"deal":[89,128],"with":[90,129,155,250],"this":[91,171,254],"issue,":[92],"previous":[93],"work":[94],"adjusted":[95],"BEET":[97,142],"for":[98,105,143,182],"technology":[99,137,184,258],"adjusting":[104],"emission":[108,125,225],"intensities":[109,126,226],"based":[110],"on":[111],"output.":[112],"We":[113,134],"proposed":[114],"use":[116],"value-added":[118,263,286],"instead":[119],"output":[121,295],"adjust":[123],"issue":[131,267],"double-counting.":[133],"used":[135],"both":[136,183,257],"adjustments":[138,259],"years":[145],"from":[146,157],"2000":[147],"2014":[149],"using":[150,187],"multi-regional":[152],"input-output":[153],"analysis":[154],"data":[156],"World":[159],"Input-Output":[160],"Database":[161],"2013":[162],"and":[163,173,199],"2016.":[164],"Globally,":[165],"was":[167,288],"increasing":[169],"during":[170],"period":[172],"stabilized":[174],"at":[175],"less":[176],"than":[177],"5%":[178],"global":[180],"adjustments.":[185],"Furthermore,":[186],"linear":[188],"regression":[189],"analysis,":[190],"we":[191,219,282],"did":[192],"find":[194],"relationship":[196],"income":[198],"specialization":[200],"industries.":[203],"result":[205],"suggests":[206],"displacing":[212],"industries":[214],"Finally,":[218],"found":[220],"only":[231],"caused":[232],"technologies,":[236],"but":[237],"also":[238],"heterogeneity":[241],"firms":[243,275],"aggregated":[244],"within":[245],"same":[247],"sector.":[248],"However,":[249],"increased":[251],"sector":[252],"granularity,":[253],"limitation":[255,273],"decreases.":[260],"While":[261],"adjustment":[264,287],"solved":[265],"double-counting,":[269],"had":[271],"differ":[276],"value-capturing":[279],"ability.":[280],"concluded":[283],"significant":[291],"improvement":[292],"adjustment.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-08-03T00:00:00"}