{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045848091","doi":null,"title":"EFFICACY OF TOPICAL ANAESTHESIA IN REDUCTION OF OCULOCARDIAC REFLEX DURING SQUINT SURGERY","display_name":"EFFICACY OF TOPICAL ANAESTHESIA IN REDUCTION OF OCULOCARDIAC REFLEX DURING SQUINT SURGERY","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045848091","mag":"3045848091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pafmj.org:article/4679","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/view/4679","pdf_url":"https://www.pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/download/4679/2744","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739194844","display_name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","issn_l":"0030-9648","issn":["0030-9648","2411-8842"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319259","host_organization_name":"The Army Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Army Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0030-9648","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/download/4679/2744","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102447546","display_name":"Sana Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-1406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-1406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155929","display_name":"National University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj88f69","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sana Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089767849","display_name":"Omar Zafar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155929","display_name":"National University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj88f69","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090081056","display_name":"Muhammad Azam Awais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0379-0744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0379-0744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155929","display_name":"National University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj88f69","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Awais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067995671","display_name":"Beenish Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8956-5603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8956-5603"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155929","display_name":"National University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj88f69","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beenish Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072003667","display_name":"Umer Hayat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155929","display_name":"National University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj88f69","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umer Hayat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024459709","display_name":"Basit Mehmood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155929","display_name":"National University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj88f69","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basit Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"],"apc_list":{"value":7000,"currency":"PKR","value_usd":null},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2848,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51403691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.7807999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.7807999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.1477999985218048,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12476","display_name":"Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and Anesthetic Effects","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topical-anesthesia","display_name":"topical anesthesia","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oculocardiac-reflex","display_name":"oculocardiac reflex","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strabismus-surgery","display_name":"strabismus surgery","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/squint-surgery","display_name":"squint surgery","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-anesthesia","display_name":"general anesthesia","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"heart rate","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atropine-requirement","display_name":"atropine requirement","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticholinergic-drugs","display_name":"anticholinergic agents","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-drops","display_name":"eye drops","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66442614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1726969","display_name":"Oculocardiac reflex","level":3,"score":0.9356801509857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.7022370100021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6462422013282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83974742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179405","display_name":"Reflex","level":2,"score":0.5231834053993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5172179937362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776859179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760341","display_name":"Strabismus surgery","level":3,"score":0.46633148193359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.36643433570861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776864138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7620839","display_name":"Strabismus","level":2,"score":0.28291767835617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pafmj.org:article/4679","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/view/4679","pdf_url":"https://www.pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/download/4679/2744","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739194844","display_name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","issn_l":"0030-9648","issn":["0030-9648","2411-8842"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319259","host_organization_name":"The Army Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Army Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0030-9648","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:134282831f5949d8a934ffe40b2a208e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/134282831f5949d8a934ffe40b2a208e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 70, Iss 3, Pp 855-861 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a462fce5a124befa34ba7a343b1dd62","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a462fce5a124befa34ba7a343b1dd62","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 70, Iss 3 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd126c8b1988420fbba68452e48a3793","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd126c8b1988420fbba68452e48a3793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 70, Iss 3 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pafmj.org:article/4679","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/view/4679","pdf_url":"https://www.pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/download/4679/2744","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739194844","display_name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","issn_l":"0030-9648","issn":["0030-9648","2411-8842"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319259","host_organization_name":"The Army Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Army Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0030-9648","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045848091.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045848091.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022801281","https://openalex.org/W7100415381","https://openalex.org/W7217562527","https://openalex.org/W4402338891","https://openalex.org/W1972986953","https://openalex.org/W1510827403","https://openalex.org/W4399253386","https://openalex.org/W2388984270","https://openalex.org/W4395025997","https://openalex.org/W2275896468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"To":[1],"determine":[2],"the":[3,51,101,123,133,136,138,145,181,216,240],"efficacy":[4],"of":[5,9,30,35,107,135,183,206,213,231,244,250],"Topical":[6,232],"Anaesthesiain":[7],"reduction":[8],"oculocardiac":[10,245],"reflex":[11,185],"incidence":[12,182],"and":[13,28,67,79,112,118,129,170,202,242],"severity":[14,243],"in":[15,50,100,122,144,189,208],"patients":[16,47,97,207],"undergoing":[17],"squint":[18,86,234],"surgery":[19,87,217,235],"under":[20,88,236],"general":[21,89,237],"anaesthesia.":[22],"Study":[23],"Design:":[24],"Quasi-Experimental":[25],"Study.":[26],"Place":[27],"Duration":[29],"Study:":[31],"Armed":[32],"Forces":[33],"Institute":[34],"Ophthalmology":[36],"from":[37],"Nov":[38],"2019":[39],"to":[40,151,194,220],"Mar":[41],"2020.":[42],"\\":[43],"Methodology:":[44],"Two":[45,95],"sixty-six":[46,96],"(n=266)":[48],"enrolled":[49,99],"study,":[52],"equally":[53],"divided":[54],"into":[55],"two":[56],"groups":[57],"i.e.":[58],"group":[59,147,152,190,196,209,221],"A":[60,153,210],"\u2013Topical":[61],"Anaesthetic":[62],"0.5%":[63],"eye":[64],"drops":[65],"(n=133)":[66],"Group":[68],"B\u2013Placebo":[69],"Eye":[70],"Drops":[71],"(n=133).":[72],"Meticulous":[73],"Pre":[74],"anaesthesia":[75,90,238],"assessment,":[76],"Preoperative":[77],"preparation":[78],"written":[80],"consent":[81],"ensured,":[82],"followed":[83],"by":[84],"elective":[85],"with":[91,103],"standard":[92],"protocols.":[93],"Results:":[94],"were":[98,114],"study":[102,124],"a":[104],"mean":[105],"age":[106],"16.22":[108],"\u00b1":[109,155,159,163,167,172,176],"4.75":[110],"years":[111],"there":[113],"122":[115],"(45.9%)":[116],"males":[117],"144":[119],"(54.1%)":[120],"females":[121],"group.":[125],"At":[126],"10,":[127],"20":[128],"30":[130],"minutes":[131],"after":[132],"start":[134],"surgery,":[137],"heart":[139],"rate":[140],"was":[141,186],"significantly":[142,187,203],"lower":[143,188],"placebo":[146,195],"B":[148,197,222],"as":[149,192,218],"compared":[150,193,219],"(73.14":[154],"12.9":[156],"vs":[157,165,174,199,225],"85.14":[158],"17.5,":[160],"p<0.001,":[161,169],"73.98":[162],"7.7":[164],"86.51":[166],"25.3,":[168],"74.65":[171],"7.0":[173],"86.14":[175],"22.7,":[177],"p<0.001)":[178,201],"respectively.":[179],"Similarly,":[180],"Oculocardiac":[184],"A,":[191],"(20.3%":[198],"43.6%,":[200],"lesser":[204],"number":[205],"required":[211],"administration":[212],"atropine":[214],"during":[215],"[2":[223],"(1.5%)":[224],"42":[226],"(31.6%),":[227],"p<0.001].":[228],"Conclusion:":[229],"Instillation":[230],"Anestheticin":[233],"reduce":[239],"intensity":[241],"reflex.":[246],"Therefore,":[247],"alleviating":[248],"requirement":[249],"anticholinergics":[251],"administration.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2020-08-03T00:00:00"}