{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045806665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12706","title":"Gestational weight gain disparities in South Carolina: Temporal trends, 2004\u20102015","display_name":"Gestational weight gain disparities in South Carolina: Temporal trends, 2004\u20102015","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045806665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12706","mag":"3045806665","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33196107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/ppe.12706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134018196","display_name":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology","issn_l":"0269-5022","issn":["0269-5022","1365-3016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042682670","display_name":"Marilyn E. Wende","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-7048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-7048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marilyn E. Wende","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422745","display_name":"Jihong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-3036","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-3036"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jihong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistiscs Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-3036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistiscs Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051069727","display_name":"Alexander C. McLain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5475-0670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5475-0670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander C. Mclain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistiscs Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistiscs Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073537804","display_name":"Sara Wilcox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-4610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-4610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Wilcox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Exercise Science Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA","Prevention Research Center Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Exercise Science Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prevention Research Center Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100422745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":{"value":4200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9128,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79842666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10673","display_name":"Gestational Diabetes Research and Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10673","display_name":"Gestational Diabetes Research and Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-weight-gain","display_name":"gestational weight gain","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secular-trends","display_name":"secular trends","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-pregnancy-obesity","display_name":"pre-pregnancy obesity","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prepregnancy-body-mass-index","display_name":"pre-pregnancy body mass index","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-certificates","display_name":"birth certificates","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-carolina","display_name":"South Carolina","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-health","display_name":"maternal health","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-during-pregnancy","display_name":"smoking during pregnancy","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parity","display_name":"parity","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-cohort","display_name":"birth cohort","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-hispanic-black-women","display_name":"non-Hispanic Black women","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-women","display_name":"Hispanic women","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-hispanic-white-women","display_name":"non-Hispanic white women","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantile-regression","display_name":"quantile regression","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/z-score","display_name":"Z-score","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8712496161460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.7954441905021667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.6828687191009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6384490132331848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6119985580444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.591449499130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.5346989035606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.5155951380729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.48842233419418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.48779183626174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.4740467071533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777151079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141160","display_name":"Parity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4395041763782501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.4276476502418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4180731177330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.17744699120521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08517500758171082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08214548230171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078064","descriptor_name":"Gestational Weight Gain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001724","descriptor_name":"Birth Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005865","descriptor_name":"Gestational Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013022","descriptor_name":"South Carolina","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/ppe.12706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134018196","display_name":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology","issn_l":"0269-5022","issn":["0269-5022","1365-3016"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33196107","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33196107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130268858","https://openalex.org/W148293697","https://openalex.org/W1480530086","https://openalex.org/W1516458039","https://openalex.org/W1565631636","https://openalex.org/W1598550237","https://openalex.org/W1981607923","https://openalex.org/W1984945182","https://openalex.org/W1993447122","https://openalex.org/W1996671162","https://openalex.org/W2004614957","https://openalex.org/W2029223630","https://openalex.org/W2035530990","https://openalex.org/W2046859247","https://openalex.org/W2050303276","https://openalex.org/W2051966703","https://openalex.org/W2066341066","https://openalex.org/W2074133251","https://openalex.org/W2078999613","https://openalex.org/W2105122700","https://openalex.org/W2117094922","https://openalex.org/W2119332321","https://openalex.org/W2151172917","https://openalex.org/W2157381327","https://openalex.org/W2157739269","https://openalex.org/W2186522085","https://openalex.org/W2405312253","https://openalex.org/W2411583672","https://openalex.org/W2412516789","https://openalex.org/W2528925121","https://openalex.org/W2528984643","https://openalex.org/W2585936484","https://openalex.org/W2622094211","https://openalex.org/W2769321084","https://openalex.org/W2775884407","https://openalex.org/W2791008463","https://openalex.org/W2797170604","https://openalex.org/W2897783310","https://openalex.org/W4250510521","https://openalex.org/W6714937020","https://openalex.org/W6715095888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2895993930","https://openalex.org/W4405321510","https://openalex.org/W4417071046","https://openalex.org/W2046330425","https://openalex.org/W2000816272","https://openalex.org/W2035530990","https://openalex.org/W2775884407","https://openalex.org/W4317566698","https://openalex.org/W2970430527","https://openalex.org/W3173665687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Few":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3],"examined":[4,32,47],"secular":[5],"trends":[6,19,33,51,97,158,175,194,209,241,251],"in":[7,20,34,36,52,98,134,138,160,189,221,229,233,252,257,283],"gestational":[8,84],"weight":[9,103,164,266,295],"gain":[10],"(GWG)":[11],"and":[12,58,86,114,148,165,184,202,223,225,249,254,264,286,293,300],"findings":[13,282],"are":[14],"inconsistent.":[15],"Parallel":[16],"to":[17,42,56,69,81,95,136,153,179,245,279,287,290],"increasing":[18,26,174,239],"pre-pregnancy":[21,59,87,102,163,265,294],"obesity,":[22],"we":[23],"hypothesised":[24],"similar":[25],"GWG":[27,35,53,74],"trends.":[28],"OBJECTIVES:":[29],"The":[30],"study":[31,237,273],"South":[37],"Carolina":[38],"(SC),":[39],"using":[40,77],"methods":[41],"reduce":[43],"bias.":[44],"We":[45,71],"also":[46],"whether":[48],"the":[49,122,143,190,199,243,246,260,272,298],"12-year":[50],"varied":[54],"according":[55],"race/ethnicity":[57],"weight.":[60],"METHODS:":[61],"Data":[62],"came":[63],"from":[64,132,242],"SC":[65,258],"birth":[66,115],"certificates,":[67],"2004":[68],"2015.":[70],"calculated":[72],"standardised":[73],"z-scores":[75],"(GWGZ),":[76],"smoothed":[78],"reference":[79],"values":[80],"account":[82],"for":[83,101,198,259],"age":[85],"body":[88],"mass":[89],"index.":[90],"Quantile":[91],"regression":[92],"was":[93,125],"used":[94],"examine":[96],"GWGZ,":[99],"adjusting":[100],"status,":[104],"race/ethnicity,":[105],"parity,":[106],"WIC":[107],"participation,":[108],"smoking":[109],"during":[110],"pregnancy,":[111],"residence,":[112],"age,":[113],"cohort.":[116],"RESULTS:":[117],"Among":[118],"615":[119],"093":[120],"women,":[121],"mean":[123],"GWGZ":[124,140,240],"-0.4":[126,133],"(SD":[127],"=":[128],"1.3),":[129],"which":[130],"increased":[131,141],"2004-2005":[135],"-0.2":[137],"2014-2015.":[139],"at":[142,297],"5th,":[144],"10th,":[145],"25th,":[146],"50th,":[147],"75th":[149,247],"percentiles":[150,248,256],"(ranging":[151],"0.04":[152],"0.73":[154],"units),":[155],"with":[156],"differential":[157],"observed":[159],"sub-groups":[161],"by":[162],"racial/ethnic":[166],"group.":[167],"Notably,":[168],"non-Hispanic":[169,180],"White":[170],"women":[171,188,214],"showed":[172],"larger":[173],"(0.89":[176],"units)":[177,183,187,206],"compared":[178],"Black":[181],"(0.55":[182],"Hispanic":[185],"(0.76":[186],"5th":[191,244],"percentile.":[192],"Decreasing":[193],"were":[195,210],"seen":[196,212],"overall":[197],"90th":[200,222,253],"(-0.02)":[201],"95th":[203,255],"percentile":[204],"(-0.06":[205],"but":[207],"positive":[208],"not":[211,269],"among":[213],"experiencing":[215],"obese":[216],"class":[217],"1":[218],"(no":[219],"change":[220],"95th),":[224],"2":[226],"(0.01":[227],"units":[228,232],"90th,":[230],"-0.02":[231],"95th).":[234],"CONCLUSIONS:":[235],"This":[236],"shows":[238],"decreasing":[250],"last":[261],"decade.":[262],"Racial/ethnic":[263],"disparities":[267,296],"did":[268],"improve":[270],"over":[271],"period.":[274],"Future":[275],"research":[276],"is":[277],"needed":[278],"confirm":[280],"these":[281],"other":[284],"states":[285],"develop":[288],"strategies":[289],"narrow":[291],"racial":[292],"highest":[299],"lowest":[301],"percentiles.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-08-03T00:00:00"}