{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045794826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","title":"Process simulation based life cycle assessment of cyanide-free refractory gold concentrate processing \u2013 Case study: Cupric chloride leaching","display_name":"Process simulation based life cycle assessment of cyanide-free refractory gold concentrate processing \u2013 Case study: Cupric chloride leaching","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045794826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","mag":"3045794826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892687520303794/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181849944","display_name":"Minerals Engineering","issn_l":"0892-6875","issn":["0892-6875","1872-9444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892687520303794/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071336675","display_name":"Heini Elomaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-3553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-3553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heini Elomaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 2, P.O. Box 16200, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-3553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 2, P.O. Box 16200, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042526689","display_name":"Lotta Rintala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3260-1997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3260-1997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lotta Rintala","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment, Vuorimiehentie 2, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment, Vuorimiehentie 2, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057827839","display_name":"Jari Aromaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3531-8935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3531-8935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jari Aromaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 2, P.O. Box 16200, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 2, P.O. Box 16200, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002178549","display_name":"Mari Lundstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-6779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-6779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mari Lundstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 2, P.O. Box 16200, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 2, P.O. Box 16200, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002178549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":1334,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1438},"fwci":1.5734,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79997511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"157","issue":null,"first_page":"106559","last_page":"106559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11073","display_name":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","score":0.7285000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11073","display_name":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","score":0.7285000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.2425999939441681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractory-gold-concentrate","display_name":"refractory gold concentrate","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-simulation","display_name":"process simulation","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-and-energy-balance","display_name":"mass and energy balance","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-concentration","display_name":"chloride concentration","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvent-extraction","display_name":"solvent extraction","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-recovery","display_name":"gold recovery","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-warming-potential","display_name":"global warming potential","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acidification-potential","display_name":"acidification potential","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eutrophication-potential","display_name":"eutrophication potential","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resource-depletion","display_name":"water depletion","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-inventory","display_name":"life cycle inventory","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18535130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775155","display_name":"Gold cyanidation","level":3,"score":0.9748167991638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90982505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938886","display_name":"Leaching (pedology)","level":3,"score":0.7832611799240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778695967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44791900","display_name":"Chloride","level":2,"score":0.728192925453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6362659335136414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118628717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1976854","display_name":"Gold extraction","level":3,"score":0.5610167980194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147455438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057706","display_name":"Effluent","level":2,"score":0.4764809310436249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778455166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55076544","display_name":"Cyanide","level":2,"score":0.4480411112308502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.38939347863197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.36587831377983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3593432903289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3542831838130951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.22124862670898438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.15337717533111572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.12262424826622009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06600740551948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892687520303794/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181849944","display_name":"Minerals Engineering","issn_l":"0892-6875","issn":["0892-6875","1872-9444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/45694","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/a96139f2-42a8-411d-abf8-b3dba98c0360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106559","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892687520303794/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181849944","display_name":"Minerals Engineering","issn_l":"0892-6875","issn":["0892-6875","1872-9444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6725792751","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"319691","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322861","display_name":"Emil Aaltosen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/005rt3g54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323337","display_name":"Tekniikan Edist\u00e4miss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/03f420b93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045794826.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045794826.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61072780","https://openalex.org/W151458897","https://openalex.org/W176859955","https://openalex.org/W576605665","https://openalex.org/W1490110846","https://openalex.org/W1538784542","https://openalex.org/W1572972651","https://openalex.org/W1585584060","https://openalex.org/W1966210364","https://openalex.org/W1970387626","https://openalex.org/W2001973589","https://openalex.org/W2009879168","https://openalex.org/W2016452744","https://openalex.org/W2025111383","https://openalex.org/W2028088809","https://openalex.org/W2036715699","https://openalex.org/W2037945934","https://openalex.org/W2038453805","https://openalex.org/W2045835277","https://openalex.org/W2070785405","https://openalex.org/W2076154596","https://openalex.org/W2079649220","https://openalex.org/W2084299519","https://openalex.org/W2088500508","https://openalex.org/W2091104835","https://openalex.org/W2098043818","https://openalex.org/W2104250135","https://openalex.org/W2151511431","https://openalex.org/W2219410476","https://openalex.org/W2335559256","https://openalex.org/W2375942027","https://openalex.org/W2385725524","https://openalex.org/W2535827518","https://openalex.org/W2552922021","https://openalex.org/W2565522571","https://openalex.org/W2734602515","https://openalex.org/W2738212390","https://openalex.org/W2744895514","https://openalex.org/W2762381271","https://openalex.org/W2789389067","https://openalex.org/W2805389892","https://openalex.org/W2840194410","https://openalex.org/W2889049761","https://openalex.org/W2892722275","https://openalex.org/W2900323025","https://openalex.org/W2901725508","https://openalex.org/W2918178267","https://openalex.org/W2926925213","https://openalex.org/W2947177843","https://openalex.org/W2952449618","https://openalex.org/W2997501876","https://openalex.org/W3010684059","https://openalex.org/W3012633932","https://openalex.org/W3021647152","https://openalex.org/W3023764613","https://openalex.org/W3026771613","https://openalex.org/W4234690093","https://openalex.org/W4237301400","https://openalex.org/W4250978514","https://openalex.org/W6616539843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3155504173","https://openalex.org/W2997501876","https://openalex.org/W7033121181","https://openalex.org/W2952449618","https://openalex.org/W3106198053","https://openalex.org/W7148836599","https://openalex.org/W2930834745","https://openalex.org/W4231218303","https://openalex.org/W2489114323","https://openalex.org/W4412464942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54,146,234,265],"development":[1,78],"of":[2,15,40,76,110,129,178,189,228],"cyanide-free":[3],"gold":[4,42,111,144,147],"leaching":[5,28,32,48,165,248,268],"methods":[6],"is":[7,22,49],"becoming":[8],"increasingly":[9],"important":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,34,63,71,112,132,141,153,203,215,240,253,279],"the":[13,73,77,85,118,127,164,184,194,198,219,222,230,259,281],"treatment":[14,19],"complex":[16],"ores,":[17],"where":[18,209],"by":[20,45,163],"cyanidation":[21],"not":[23],"economically":[24],"viable.":[25],"Cupric":[26],"chloride":[27,47,81,199,247,267],"provides":[29],"an":[30],"alternative":[31],"process":[33],"replace":[35],"cyanidation.":[36],"A":[37],"detailed":[38],"simulation":[39,55],"refractory":[41],"concentrate":[43],"processing":[44],"cupric":[46,80],"presented":[50],"in":[51,105,117,139,183,229,246,258],"this":[52],"study.":[53],"with":[56,126],"mass":[57],"and":[58,96,122,137,186,221,249,273,286],"energy":[59],"balances":[60],"was":[61,115,135,160,191,201,238,250],"built":[62],"be":[64,181,213,226,241],"used":[65,214],"as":[66],"life":[67],"cycle":[68],"inventory":[69],"data":[70],"evaluate":[72],"environmental":[74],"impacts":[75],"stage":[79],"process.":[82],"Three":[83],"cases,":[84,121],"Base":[86],"Case":[87,92,99],"(125":[88],"g/L":[89,94,101,263,271,275],"Cl-),":[90,95,102],"Mild":[91,98,196],"(50":[93],"Extremely":[97,195],"(20":[100,207,262,270],"were":[103,277],"investigated":[104,138],"two":[106],"flowsheet":[107],"options.":[108],"Loss":[109],"wash":[113,130],"waters":[114,224],"observed":[116],"Flowsheet":[119,124],"1":[120],"therefore":[123],"2,":[125],"recirculation":[128],"water":[131,205,211,287],"solvent":[133],"extraction,":[134],"developed":[136],"order":[140],"achieve":[142],"higher":[143,167],"recovery.":[145],"extraction":[148],"improved":[149],"from":[150],"around":[151],"85%":[152],"99%.":[154],"Chemical":[155],"consumption":[156],"(NaCl,":[157],"NaBr,":[158],"CuCl2)":[159],"greatly":[161],"affected":[162],"conditions,":[166,175],"concentrations":[168],"consuming":[169],"more":[170],"initial":[171],"chemicals.":[172],"In":[173,193],"milder":[174,266],"efficient":[176],"recycling":[177],"chlorides":[179,217],"could":[180,212,225],"obtained":[182],"process,":[185,220],"no":[187],"addition":[188],"NaCl":[190],"required.":[192],"Case,":[197],"concentration":[200],"close":[202],"sea":[204,210,231],"conditions":[206,261,269],"g/L),":[208],"provide":[216],"for":[218],"effluent":[223],"disposed":[227],"after":[232],"purification.":[233],"global":[235],"warming":[236],"potential":[237],"estimated":[239],"12.5":[242],"t":[243,255],"CO2-e/kg":[244,256],"Au":[245,257],"further":[251],"decreased":[252],"10.6":[254],"mildest":[260],"Cl-).":[264],"Cl-":[272],"50":[274],"Cl-)":[276],"shown":[278],"decrease":[280],"acidification":[282],"potential,":[283,285],"eutrophication":[284],"depletion.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2020-08-03T00:00:00"}
