{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045532003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.924583","title":"Efficient Picosecond Laser for Tattoo Removal in Rat Models","display_name":"Efficient Picosecond Laser for Tattoo Removal in Rat Models","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045532003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.924583","mag":"3045532003","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32709839","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7401794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12659/msm.924583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.924583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.924583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156858864","display_name":"Medical Science Monitor","issn_l":"1234-1010","issn":["1234-1010","1643-3750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320062","host_organization_name":"International Scientific Information Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320062"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Scientific Information Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Science Monitor","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.924583","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111865671","display_name":"Yan Qu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156460","display_name":"Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05v6r7450","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I4210156460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115594996","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1098-7557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1098-7557","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6246-4156","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-9860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108244","display_name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01pab2602","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108244"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pingyu Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156460","display_name":"Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05v6r7450","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pingyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I4210156460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156460","display_name":"Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05v6r7450","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I4210156460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I4210156460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97388579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":"e924583","last_page":"e924583"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12901","display_name":"Tattoo and Body Piercing Complications","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12901","display_name":"Tattoo and Body Piercing Complications","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11172","display_name":"Dermatologic Treatments and Research","score":0.025200000032782555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10732","display_name":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tattoo-removal","display_name":"tattoo removal","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/picosecond-laser","display_name":"picosecond laser","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-energy-parameters","display_name":"laser energy parameters","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-induced-skin-injury","display_name":"laser-induced skin damage","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rat-skin-model","display_name":"rat skin model","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scar-hyperplasia","display_name":"scar hyperplasia","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55005982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3902709","display_name":"Picosecond","level":3,"score":0.6924833655357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5417450666427612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.39976176619529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.37790271639823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3745679259300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.3720610737800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3640221357345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2118370234966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06926187872886658}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007834","descriptor_name":"Lasers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012879","descriptor_name":"Skin Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013653","descriptor_name":"Tattooing","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053685","descriptor_name":"Laser Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12659/msm.924583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.924583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.924583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156858864","display_name":"Medical Science Monitor","issn_l":"1234-1010","issn":["1234-1010","1643-3750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320062","host_organization_name":"International Scientific Information Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320062"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Scientific Information Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Science Monitor","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7401794","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7401794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Med Sci Monit","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:32709839","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32709839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.yic.ac.cn:133337/27736","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/27736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401337","display_name":"Knowledge Repository of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS (Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210108244","host_organization_name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.yic.ac.cn:133337/28582","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/28582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401337","display_name":"Knowledge Repository of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS (Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210108244","host_organization_name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.yic.ac.cn:133337/28584","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/28584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401337","display_name":"Knowledge Repository of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS (Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210108244","host_organization_name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12659/msm.924583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.924583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.924583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156858864","display_name":"Medical Science Monitor","issn_l":"1234-1010","issn":["1234-1010","1643-3750"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320062","host_organization_name":"International Scientific Information Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320062"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Scientific Information Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Science Monitor","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963975608","https://openalex.org/W2023853469","https://openalex.org/W2072233065","https://openalex.org/W2119326714","https://openalex.org/W2132776114","https://openalex.org/W2173026074","https://openalex.org/W2288769923","https://openalex.org/W2395778924","https://openalex.org/W2522871259","https://openalex.org/W2527558830","https://openalex.org/W2739779495","https://openalex.org/W2767428986","https://openalex.org/W2769278922","https://openalex.org/W2804505201","https://openalex.org/W2997322426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2433301952","https://openalex.org/W4408851925","https://openalex.org/W3201547181","https://openalex.org/W2322847368","https://openalex.org/W2890433041","https://openalex.org/W2035365806","https://openalex.org/W3152130950","https://openalex.org/W4295248954","https://openalex.org/W2061840377","https://openalex.org/W2032269407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"Tattoos":[1,67],"are":[2],"popular":[3],"in":[4,95,187,249],"modern":[5],"times.":[6],"Due":[7],"to":[8,48,86,127,204],"the":[9,41,50,71,88,92,100,109,123,149,169,175,180,188,193,201,206,212],"occurance":[10],"of":[11,54,56,73,211,232],"adverse":[12],"effects":[13,137],"such":[14],"as":[15,33,35,226,242,244],"poor":[16],"aesthetic":[17],"value,":[18],"scar":[19],"hyperplasia,":[20],"and":[21,121,140,161,179,191,222],"abnormal":[22],"pigments,":[23],"there":[24],"is":[25],"a":[26,57,78,217,227],"high":[27],"demand":[28],"for":[29,37,108,153,229,238,246],"uniform":[30],"operation":[31],"standards":[32,36],"well":[34,243],"tattoo":[38,51,110,131,135,143,195,219,239,247],"technologies.":[39],"In":[40],"present":[42],"study":[43],"we":[44,76,98],"used":[45,77,122],"Sprague-Dawley":[46],"rats":[47],"assess":[49],"removal":[52,93,132,136,196,220,231,240,248],"efficacy":[53],"use":[55],"picosecond":[58,79,154,213],"laser":[59,80,155,173],"at":[60,82],"various":[61,83],"energy":[62,84,103,124,151,172,209],"values.":[63],"MATERIAL":[64],"AND":[65],"METHODS":[66],"were":[68,138,145],"made":[69],"on":[70],"backs":[72],"rats,":[74],"then":[75],"set":[81],"parameters":[85,107,152],"remove":[87],"tattoos.":[89,233],"After":[90],"performing":[91],"procedure":[94],"multiple":[96],"groups,":[97],"selected":[99],"most":[101,181,207],"suitable":[102,208],"levels":[104],"with":[105],"corresponding":[106],"removal.":[111],"We":[112,199],"recruited":[113],"human":[114],"volunteers":[115,144],"who":[116],"wanted":[117],"their":[118],"tattoos":[119],"removed":[120],"level":[125],"found":[126],"perform":[128],"best":[129,176,194],"during":[130],"experiments.":[133],"The":[134],"evaluated":[139],"verified.":[141],"Four":[142],"treated":[146],"by":[147],"using":[148],"optimal":[150],"technology.":[156],"RESULTS":[157],"Through":[158],"characterization":[159],"observation":[160],"pathological":[162],"staining":[163],"results,":[164],"it":[165],"was":[166],"demonstrated":[167],"that":[168],"1.9":[170],"mJ/\u03bcbeam":[171],"had":[174,192,216],"hollowing":[177],"effect":[178,186,221],"complete":[182],"pigment":[183],"particle":[184],"crushing":[185],"rat":[189],"skin,":[190],"effect.":[197],"CONCLUSIONS":[198],"leveraged":[200],"evaluation":[202],"standard":[203],"choose":[205],"value":[210],"laser,":[214],"which":[215],"good":[218],"could":[223],"be":[224],"employed":[225],"reference":[228],"clinical":[230,250],"This":[234],"process":[235],"provides":[236],"criteria":[237],"evaluations":[241],"alternatives":[245],"practice.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-08-03T00:00:00"}
