{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045342133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","title":"Occurrence, Probable Source, and Health Risk Assessment of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene Compounds in Ambient Urban Atmosphere in Ahvaz, Iran","display_name":"Occurrence, Probable Source, and Health Risk Assessment of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene Compounds in Ambient Urban Atmosphere in Ahvaz, Iran","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045342133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","mag":"3045342133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764468141","display_name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","issn_l":"2251-9203","issn":["2251-9203","2322-4916"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319018","host_organization_name":"Qom University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319018"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Qom University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082837802","display_name":"Fariba Hedayatzade","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146087","display_name":"Malayer University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rk9sq81","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146087"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fariba Hedayatzade","raw_affiliation_strings":["PhD Candidate of Environment, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD Candidate of Environment, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046870721","display_name":"Nasrin Hassanzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-2312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-2312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146087","display_name":"Malayer University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rk9sq81","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146087"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nasrin Hassanzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046870721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146087"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52773376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"152","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.7538999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.7538999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.09640000015497208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":0.09279999881982803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/btex","display_name":"BTEX","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzene","display_name":"benzene","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toluene","display_name":"toluene","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethylbenzene","display_name":"ethylbenzene","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xylene","display_name":"xylene","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-air-pollution","display_name":"urban air pollution","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volatile-organic-compounds","display_name":"volatile organic compounds","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-risk-assessment","display_name":"health risk assessment","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-risk","display_name":"cancer risk","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-quotient","display_name":"hazard quotient","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-index","display_name":"hazard index","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions","display_name":"vehicle emissions","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-apportionment","display_name":"source apportionment","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ahvaz","display_name":"Ahvaz","score":0.9440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779533485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409184","display_name":"Ethylbenzene","level":3,"score":0.9407087564468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777691172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2270","display_name":"Benzene","level":2,"score":0.8026868104934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778142098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15779","display_name":"Toluene","level":2,"score":0.7995568513870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778519274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4836738","display_name":"BTEX","level":4,"score":0.6040816903114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779896714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208366","display_name":"Xylene","level":3,"score":0.5899062156677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5895811319351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5781593322753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4889882802963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.45669466257095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984618805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk","level":2,"score":0.41143807768821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3186907470226288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20727992057800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.16007617115974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0997554361820221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.09145328402519226}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764468141","display_name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","issn_l":"2251-9203","issn":["2251-9203","2322-4916"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319018","host_organization_name":"Qom University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319018"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Qom University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:378c82fda45241a0bc1d04a46a95b539","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/378c82fda45241a0bc1d04a46a95b539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 152-167 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29252/archhygsci.9.2.152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764468141","display_name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","issn_l":"2251-9203","issn":["2251-9203","2322-4916"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319018","host_organization_name":"Qom University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319018"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Qom University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Hygiene Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.7646999955177307,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7211955286","https://openalex.org/W2043657010","https://openalex.org/W2513010338","https://openalex.org/W2888404428","https://openalex.org/W2783779016","https://openalex.org/W4311769713","https://openalex.org/W4386627592","https://openalex.org/W4386865767","https://openalex.org/W3184296718","https://openalex.org/W2906997518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"&":[1],"Aims":[2],"of":[3,44,58,64,83,88,149,161,232,240,250,261],"the":[4,15,22,32,45,50,56,65,79,89,106,133,146,155,169,183,195,229,236,238,248,259],"Study:":[5],"The":[6,41,212],"benzene,":[7],"toluene,":[8],"ethylbenzene,":[9],"and":[10,30,39,96,100,117,141,209,246],"xylene":[11],"(BTEX)":[12],"compounds":[13,20,35,67,91,120,204,221,252],"are":[14],"most":[16],"abundant":[17],"volatile":[18],"organic":[19],"in":[21,36,55,105],"urban":[23],"atmosphere.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"aimed":[27],"to":[28,109,165,202,219],"investigate":[29],"monitor":[31],"ambient":[33],"BTEX":[34,46,66,90,119,123,203,220,242],"Ahvaz,":[37],"Iran.\\n\\t\\t\\tMaterials":[38],"Methods:":[40],"atmospheric":[42],"concentrations":[43,87,102,148],"were":[47,76,92,103,152,205],"measured":[48],"using":[49],"Air":[51],"Quality":[52],"Monitoring":[53],"Station":[54],"center":[57],"Ahvaz.":[59],"Hourly":[60],"mean":[61,134,170,196,213],"concentration":[62],"data":[63],"from":[68,78,125,154],"March":[69],"21,":[70,74],"2017,":[71,75],"until":[72],"November":[73],"obtained":[77],"environmental":[80],"protection":[81],"organization":[82],"Khuzestan":[84],"province.\\n\\t\\t\\tResults:":[85],"Mean":[86],"0.80\u00b10.04,":[93],"2.55\u00b10.10,":[94],"0.54\u00b10.03,":[95],"1.26\u00b10.07":[97],"\u00b5g/m3,":[98],"respectively,":[99],"these":[101,251],"lower":[104,181],"summer,":[107],"compared":[108],"other":[110,118],"seasons.":[111],"A":[112],"significant":[113],"relationship":[114],"between":[115],"benzene":[116,166,175,245],"indicates":[121],"that":[122,145,168,194],"release":[124],"certain":[126],"sources,":[127],"such":[128],"as":[129],"gasoline":[130],"vehicles.":[131],"Moreover,":[132],"toluene/benzene":[135],"ratio":[136,143],"was":[137,177,180,222,225],"estimated":[138],"at":[139],"3.29\u00b10.84,":[140],"this":[142],"shows":[144],"highest":[147],"pollutant":[150],"emissions":[151],"emitted":[153],"activity":[156],"traffic.":[157],"Carcinogen":[158],"risk":[159,172,186,198],"assessment":[160],"Ahvazi":[162],"people":[163],"exposure":[164,176,201,218],"showed":[167,193],"cancer":[171,185],"value":[173,187,231],"for":[174,200,217,258],"0.89\u00d710\u22126,":[178],"which":[179,224],"than":[182,228],"unit":[184,230],"(i.e.,":[188],"1\u00d710-6).":[189],"Hazard":[190],"quotient's":[191],"calculation":[192],"non-carcinogenic":[197],"values":[199],"3.84,":[206],"0.074,":[207],"0.077,":[208],"1.76,":[210],"respectively.":[211],"hazard":[214],"index":[215],"(HI)":[216],"5.75,":[223],"considerably":[226],"higher":[227],"1.\\n\\t\\t\\n\\t\\n\\nConclusion:":[233],"Based":[234],"on":[235],"findings,":[237],"necessity":[239],"controlling":[241],"emissions,":[243],"especially":[244],"identifying":[247],"sources":[249],"can":[253],"be":[254],"a":[255],"useful":[256],"tool":[257],"management":[260],"connected":[262],"control":[263],"strategies.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2020-07-29T00:00:00"}