{"id":"https://openalex.org/W304498692","doi":null,"title":"Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine. Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses. 1960.","display_name":"Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine. Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses. 1960.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W304498692","mag":"304498692","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10083724","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2557586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2557586","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2557586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bull World Health Organ","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2557586","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032993923","display_name":"Sabin Ab","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A B Sabin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108043000","display_name":"M Ramos-Alvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-100X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-100X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Ramos-Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113770101","display_name":"J Alvarezamezquita","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Alvarez-Amezquita","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012321280","display_name":"William Pelon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W Pelon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070747830","display_name":"Michaels Rh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R H Michaels","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113438926","display_name":"I Spigland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Spigland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090742054","display_name":"M A Koch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M A Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J M Barnes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J M Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111435251","display_name":"J. S. Rhim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J S Rhim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81909548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"2","first_page":"196","last_page":"201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11112","display_name":"Viral Infections and Immunology Research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11112","display_name":"Viral Infections and Immunology Research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10833","display_name":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10976","display_name":"Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-vaccination","display_name":"mass vaccination","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-interference","display_name":"viral interference","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enteric-viruses","display_name":"enteric viruses","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poliovirus-types","display_name":"poliovirus types","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seroconversion","display_name":"seroconversion","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-response","display_name":"antibody response","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polio-prevention","display_name":"poliomyelitis prevention","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779631682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12438936","display_name":"Poliovirus","level":3,"score":0.8917503952980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7480398416519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6596259474754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.6256523132324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5843531489372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019657727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519796","display_name":"Enteric virus","level":2,"score":0.5258952975273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10389963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848328","display_name":"Serotype","level":2,"score":0.5014195442199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.4609302878379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4870876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12195","display_name":"Poliomyelitis","level":2,"score":0.4539780616760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.3826504647731781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33207324147224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3101385235786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.2696596384048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.16058379411697388}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D011055","descriptor_name":"Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017589","descriptor_name":"Immunization Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2557586","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2557586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bull World Health Organ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:10083724","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10083724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","raw_type":"Biography"},{"id":"mag:304498692","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10083724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2557586","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2557586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bull World Health Organ","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967237195","https://openalex.org/W1932006655","https://openalex.org/W4233927782","https://openalex.org/W2416489639","https://openalex.org/W2468092131","https://openalex.org/W2093169624","https://openalex.org/W2063430371","https://openalex.org/W2075372404","https://openalex.org/W2402363680","https://openalex.org/W1568551926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"EFFECTS":[0],"OF":[1,9],"RAPID":[2],"MASS":[3],"IMMUNIZATION":[4],"ON":[5],"POPULATION":[6],"UNDER":[7],"CONDITIONS":[8],"MASSIVE":[10],"ENTERIC":[11],"INFECTION":[12],"WITH":[13],"OTHER":[14],"VIRUSES":[15],"IN":[16],"THE":[17],"absence":[18],"of":[19,27,31,47,69,84,101,121,123,131,157,166,178,192,199,229,233,244,256,264,278,290,298,313,329,346,365,374,380,386,395,404,411,432,445,462,483,530,551,557,575,587,596,623],"enteric":[20,90,220,532,608],"infection":[21,534,591],"with":[22,43,75,560,571],"other":[23,89,218,607],"viruses,":[24],"the":[25,44,55,93,99,111,136,167,179,190,193,213,258,275,279,291,295,310,340,344,350,381,387,396,407,420,459,484,491,521,542,554,594],"feeding":[26,226,257],"a":[28,155,163,175,227,242,245,252,363,371,487,526,549,572,620],"single":[29,621],"type":[30,46],"live":[32,70],"poliovirus":[33,48,71,234,405,625],"vaccine":[34,72,235,292,388,626],"to":[35,65,108,113,173,205,236,266,285,393,400,416,472,577,628],"children":[36,181,240,299,397,580,599],"who":[37],"have":[38,106,139,184],"not":[39,170],"previously":[40],"been":[41,96,427,450,538],"infected":[42],"same":[45],"usually":[49],"results":[50],"in":[51,54,73,116,128,135,144,281,294,305,309,322,325,335,358,452,480,497,510,516,579,616],"viral":[52,102,533],"multiplication":[53],"intestinal":[56],"tract,":[57],"antibody":[58],"formation,":[59],"and":[60,77,88,126,130,133,160,217,300,315,332,343,348,352,475,500,547,584,604],"complete":[61],"or":[62,147,186],"partial":[63],"resistance":[64],"reinfection.":[66],"The":[67,119,248,513,589],"use":[68],"areas":[74],"climatic":[76],"hygienic":[78],"conditions":[79],"which":[80,104,269],"permit":[81],"extensive":[82],"dissemination":[83,191,308],"naturally":[85,195,214,440],"occurring":[86,196,215],"polioviruses":[87,216,563,603],"viruses":[91,221],"throughout":[92],"year":[94,280,437,556],"has":[95,370,426,536],"complicated":[97],"by":[98,110,225],"problem":[100],"interference,(1)":[103],"we":[105],"attempted":[107],"overcome":[109],"tactics":[112],"be":[114,223],"described":[115],"this":[117,424,439,617],"communication.":[118],"studies":[120],"one":[122],"us":[124,330],"(M.R.-A.)":[125,331],"associates(2)":[127],"Mexico":[129,336],"Plotkin":[132],"Koprowski(3)":[134],"Belgian":[137],"Congo":[138],"shown":[140],"that":[141,150,391,520,619],"vaccination":[142,492],"programs":[143],"large":[145],"subtropical":[146],"tropical":[148],"cities":[149],"are":[151],"spread":[152],"out":[153,321,357],"over":[154,212],"period":[156,243],"many":[158],"weeks":[159],"include":[161],"only":[162,171],"small":[164],"fraction":[165],"susceptible":[168,239],"population":[169,373,382],"fail":[172],"immunize":[174],"considerable":[176],"proportion":[177],"vaccinated":[180],"but":[182],"also":[183],"little":[185],"no":[187],"influence":[188],"on":[189],"ever-present,":[194],"paralytogenic":[197],"strains":[198,293],"poliovirus.":[200],"Accordingly,":[201],"it":[202],"seemed":[203],"necessary":[204],"determine":[206],"whether":[207],"at":[208,262,362,478],"least":[209],"temporary":[210],"dominance":[211],"interfering":[219],"could":[222],"achieved":[224],"mixture":[228,254],"all":[230,238,287,349,401],"three":[231,259,288,402],"types":[232,260,289,403],"almost":[237],"within":[241,486],"few":[246,488],"days.":[247],"reason":[249],"for":[250,339,419,438,602,606],"using":[251],"trivalent":[253,624],"instead":[255],"separately":[261],"intervals":[263],"four":[265],"six":[267],"weeks,":[268],"is":[270],"regarded":[271],"as":[272,507,509],"optimum":[273],"during":[274,406,458,541,553],"cold":[276],"months":[277,583],"temperate":[282],"zones,":[283],"was":[284,319,355,600,615],"implant":[286],"largest":[296],"number":[297],"then":[301],"let":[302],"nature":[303],"help":[304],"their":[306,476],"further":[307],"community.":[311],"Methods":[312],"Study":[314],"Results":[316],"This":[317],"study":[318,456],"carried":[320,356],"Toluca,":[323,360],"Mexico,":[324],"August,":[326],"1959.":[327],"One":[328],"his":[333],"associates":[334],"were":[337,494,564],"responsible":[338],"field":[341],"work":[342,354],"collection":[345],"specimens,":[347],"virological":[351],"serologic":[353,378],"Cincinnati.":[359],"located":[361],"latitude":[364],"about":[366,375],"19":[367],"degrees":[368],"north,":[369],"total":[372],"100,000.":[376],"A":[377],"survey":[379],"just":[383],"before":[384,490],"initiation":[385],"program":[389],"indicated":[390],"90":[392],"100%":[394],"become":[398],"immune":[399],"first":[408,543],"4":[409],"years":[410,474,586],"life":[412],"(fig.":[413],"1).":[414],"According":[415],"available":[417],"data":[418],"past":[421],"five":[422],"years,":[423],"city":[425,485],"paying":[428],"an":[429],"average":[430],"price":[431],"14":[433,576],"paralytic":[434,446],"cases":[435,444],"per":[436],"acquired":[441],"immunity.":[442],"Twenty":[443],"poliomyelitis":[447],"had":[448],"already":[449],"reported":[451],"1959,":[453],"when":[454],"our":[455],"began":[457],"second":[460],"week":[461],"August.":[463],"Rectal":[464],"swabbings":[465],"from":[466,470,566],"1,892":[467],"persons--children":[468],"aged":[469],"birth":[471,546],"10":[473],"mothers-obtained":[477],"random":[479],"different":[481],"parts":[482],"days":[489,544],"program,":[493],"each":[495],"tested":[496],"monkey":[498],"kidney":[499],"human":[501],"epithelioma":[502],"(HEP":[503],"2)":[504],"tissue":[505],"cultures":[506],"well":[508],"newborn":[511],"mice.":[512],"results,":[514],"summarized":[515],"figure":[517],"2,":[518],"indicate":[519],"special":[522],"methods":[523],"used":[524],"revealed":[525],"much":[527],"higher":[528],"incidence":[529],"natural":[531],"than":[535],"ever":[537],"demonstrated":[539],"before-beginning":[540],"after":[545],"reaching":[548],"peak":[550,573],"72%":[552],"1st":[555],"life.":[558],"Beginning":[559],"1-month-old":[561],"children,":[562],"isolated":[565],"every":[567],"age":[568],"group":[569],"tested,":[570],"rate":[574,592],"15%":[578],"between":[581],"7":[582],"2":[585],"age.":[588],"high":[590],"among":[593],"mothers":[595],"these":[597],"young":[598],"surprising-5%":[601],"16%":[605],"viruses.":[609],"[Figures":[610],"1-2":[611],"ILLUSTRATION":[612],"OMITTED]":[613],"It":[614],"setting":[618],"close":[622],"([10.sup.5.2]":[627],"[10.sup.5.6]":[629],"50%":[630],"tissue-culture":[631],"dose":[632],"[[TCD.":[633],"\u2026":[634]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}