{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044069658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000001295","title":"Hypernatremia\u2014A Manifestation of COVID-19: A Case Series","display_name":"Hypernatremia\u2014A Manifestation of COVID-19: A Case Series","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044069658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000001295","mag":"3044069658","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32909725","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7409524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1213/xaa.0000000000001295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000001295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000001295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176444","display_name":"A&A Practice","issn_l":"2575-3126","issn":["2575-3126"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"A&A Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7409524","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Milena A. Zimmer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milena A. Zimmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anne K. Zink","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anne K. Zink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037236485","display_name":"Christian W. Wei\u00dfer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian W. Wei\u00dfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ulrike Vogt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ulrike Vogt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070233579","display_name":"Andrea Michelsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094314","display_name":"Ortenau Klinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/00pz7qc35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094314"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Michelsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Laboratory, Ortenau Hospital Lahr-Ettenheim, Lahr, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Laboratory, Ortenau Hospital Lahr-Ettenheim, Lahr, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078372569","display_name":"Hans\u2010Joachim Priebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-1389","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-1389"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Joachim Priebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083300657","display_name":"Georg Mols","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Georg Mols","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083300657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8075,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98539196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"e01295","last_page":"e01295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11967","display_name":"Electrolyte and hormonal disorders","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11967","display_name":"Electrolyte and hormonal disorders","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11001","display_name":"Renin-Angiotensin System Studies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypernatremia","display_name":"hypernatremia","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critically-ill-patients","display_name":"critically ill patients","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"mechanical ventilation","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-sodium","display_name":"plasma sodium","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride","display_name":"chloride","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypokalemia","display_name":"hypokalemia","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-sodium-reabsorption","display_name":"renal sodium reabsorption","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angiotensin-ii","display_name":"angiotensin II","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyte-imbalance","display_name":"electrolyte imbalance","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icu-length-of-stay","display_name":"ICU length of stay","score":0.8289999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778864100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132653","display_name":"Hypernatremia","level":3,"score":0.9320008158683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57476199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312501","display_name":"Renal sodium reabsorption","level":4,"score":0.6841074228286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537181965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658","display_name":"Sodium","level":2,"score":0.6368376016616821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.6002020835876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56906281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4391435","display_name":"Reabsorption","level":3,"score":0.5703892707824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5496703386306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5108134746551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777080012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","level":2,"score":0.508389413356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776703092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q824292","display_name":"Hyponatremia","level":2,"score":0.47368788719177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.4690540134906769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.44184964895248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198710026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898218","display_name":"Renin\u2013angiotensin system","level":3,"score":0.4401343762874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3776572346687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.24569076299667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.2248125672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.14305728673934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.10996842384338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002712","descriptor_name":"Chlorides","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005440","descriptor_name":"Fluid Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005440","descriptor_name":"Fluid Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006435","descriptor_name":"Renal Dialysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006955","descriptor_name":"Hypernatremia","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006955","descriptor_name":"Hypernatremia","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006955","descriptor_name":"Hypernatremia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006955","descriptor_name":"Hypernatremia","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007902","descriptor_name":"Length of Stay","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012121","descriptor_name":"Respiration, Artificial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012131","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Insufficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012131","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Insufficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017052","descriptor_name":"Hospital Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045283","descriptor_name":"Natriuretic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1213/xaa.0000000000001295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000001295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000001295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176444","display_name":"A&A Practice","issn_l":"2575-3126","issn":["2575-3126"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"A&A Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7409524","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7409524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"A A Pract","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:32909725","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32909725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"A&A practice","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7409524","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7409524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"A A Pract","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988707175","https://openalex.org/W2009553628","https://openalex.org/W2022217182","https://openalex.org/W2110111681","https://openalex.org/W3008827533","https://openalex.org/W3010126769","https://openalex.org/W3014067025","https://openalex.org/W3015081226","https://openalex.org/W3016535995","https://openalex.org/W3018724240","https://openalex.org/W3019849260","https://openalex.org/W3021815243","https://openalex.org/W6776257605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3117750342","https://openalex.org/W3139358236","https://openalex.org/W4321353285","https://openalex.org/W3118670001","https://openalex.org/W3038576214","https://openalex.org/W3184790241","https://openalex.org/W4313251105","https://openalex.org/W3184556184","https://openalex.org/W4294101046","https://openalex.org/W4213303518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"for":[2],"the":[3,105],"first":[4],"time":[5],"therapy-resistant":[6],"hypernatremia":[7,88],"(plasma":[8],"sodium":[9,39,42,62],"concentration":[10],"\u2265150":[11],"mmol":[12],"per":[13],"liter)":[14],"developing":[15],"in":[16],"6":[17],"of":[18,46,51,81,94,108],"12":[19],"critically":[20],"ill":[21],"coronavirus":[22,77],"disease":[23],"2019":[24],"(COVID-19)":[25],"patients":[26],"age":[27],"57-84":[28],"years":[29],"requiring":[30],"mechanical":[31],"ventilation.":[32],"There":[33],"was":[34,89],"no":[35],"correlation":[36],"between":[37],"plasma":[38],"concentrations":[40,45],"and":[41],"input.":[43],"Plasma":[44],"chloride":[47],"were":[48],"elevated,":[49],"those":[50],"potassium":[52],"decreased.":[53],"These":[54],"findings":[55],"are":[56],"consistent":[57],"with":[58,91],"abnormally":[59],"increased":[60,67,92],"renal":[61],"reabsorption,":[63],"possibly":[64],"caused":[65],"by":[66],"angiotensin":[68],"II":[69],"activity":[70],"secondary":[71],"to":[72,104],"severe":[73],"acute":[74],"respiratory":[75],"syndrome":[76],"2":[78,84],"(SARS-CoV-2)-induced":[79],"downregulation":[80],"angiotensin-converting":[82],"enzyme":[83],"(ACE2)":[85],"receptors.":[86],"As":[87],"associated":[90],"length":[93],"intensive":[95],"care":[96],"unit":[97],"stay,":[98],"special":[99],"attention":[100],"should":[101],"be":[102],"paid":[103],"electrolyte":[106],"status":[107],"COVID-19":[109],"patients.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-07-29T00:00:00"}