{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043899484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3096685","title":"The Value of Face-to-Face: Search and Contracting Problems in Nigerian Trade","display_name":"The Value of Face-to-Face: Search and Contracting Problems in Nigerian Trade","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043899484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3096685","mag":"3043899484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3096685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3096685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3096685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3096685","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043429947","display_name":"Meredith Startz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meredith Startz","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","Princeton University - International Economics Section, Princeton, NJ 08544-1021, United States","Stanford University - Department of Economics, Landau Economics Building, 579 Serra Mall, STANFORD, CA 94305-6072, United States","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Princeton University - International Economics Section","Stanford University - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University - International Economics Section, Princeton, NJ 08544-1021, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University - Department of Economics, Landau Economics Building, 579 Serra Mall, STANFORD, CA 94305-6072, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University - International Economics Section","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043429947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14180","display_name":"Law, logistics, and international trade","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-frictions","display_name":"search frictions","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contracting-frictions","display_name":"contracting frictions","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-cost","display_name":"travel cost","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-goods-trade","display_name":"consumer goods trade","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-hazard","display_name":"moral hazard","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-games","display_name":"repeated games","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monopolistic-competition","display_name":"monopolistic competition","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-effects","display_name":"welfare effects","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-integration","display_name":"market integration","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-regulation","display_name":"aviation law","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-enforcement","display_name":"contract enforcement","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.7996428608894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5833790302276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777544581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931754","display_name":"Face value","level":2,"score":0.5536669492721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3463381230831146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2939485013484955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13463297486305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09508177638053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.055354923009872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.054590970277786255}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3096685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3096685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3096685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3096685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3096685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3096685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5263000130653381}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5699999928474426}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560666437","https://openalex.org/W1773741487","https://openalex.org/W1939779972","https://openalex.org/W1967014080","https://openalex.org/W1982088345","https://openalex.org/W1990886477","https://openalex.org/W1996537770","https://openalex.org/W2008791966","https://openalex.org/W2019302713","https://openalex.org/W2066265526","https://openalex.org/W2069630233","https://openalex.org/W2076293751","https://openalex.org/W2078030625","https://openalex.org/W2096102657","https://openalex.org/W2103935263","https://openalex.org/W2112478549","https://openalex.org/W2128275355","https://openalex.org/W2150730920","https://openalex.org/W2167495637","https://openalex.org/W2169180949","https://openalex.org/W2242224829","https://openalex.org/W2271632773","https://openalex.org/W2340302228","https://openalex.org/W2487793673","https://openalex.org/W2890195883","https://openalex.org/W2890945510","https://openalex.org/W2891078527","https://openalex.org/W2892194323","https://openalex.org/W3023875755","https://openalex.org/W3121173166","https://openalex.org/W3121292746","https://openalex.org/W3122381476","https://openalex.org/W3123011427","https://openalex.org/W3125317968","https://openalex.org/W4234560204","https://openalex.org/W4249920418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253982868","https://openalex.org/W1982088345","https://openalex.org/W3124745463","https://openalex.org/W7053057824","https://openalex.org/W2209397061","https://openalex.org/W4285826238","https://openalex.org/W3136953024","https://openalex.org/W2103935263","https://openalex.org/W7098381318","https://openalex.org/W4386170114"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-07-29T00:00:00"}
