{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043857278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37978/agm.v2i1.267","title":"Impacts of Environmental Changes on Health in the Gulf Region","display_name":"Impacts of Environmental Changes on Health in the Gulf Region","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043857278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37978/agm.v2i1.267","mag":"3043857278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37978/agm.v2i1.267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37978/agm.v2i1.267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.37978/agm.v2i1.267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225041","display_name":"Annals of Gulf Medicine","issn_l":"2616-9231","issn":["2616-9231"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Gulf Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025493897","display_name":"Muhammad Hashim Ghouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-9799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-9799"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Hashim Ghouri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110699888","display_name":"Natasha Irfan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Irfan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11244","display_name":"Climate Change and Health Impacts","score":0.7182999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11244","display_name":"Climate Change and Health Impacts","score":0.7182999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14169","display_name":"Public Health and Environmental Issues","score":0.23770000040531158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13530","display_name":"Climate Change and Environmental Impact","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-change","display_name":"environmental change","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"climate change","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"environmental health","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gulf-region","display_name":"Gulf region","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-matter","display_name":"particulate matter","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-diseases","display_name":"respiratory diseases","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-smog","display_name":"urban smog","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-scarcity","display_name":"water scarcity","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-production","display_name":"oil production","score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gases","display_name":"greenhouse gases","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-heat","display_name":"extreme heat","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floods","display_name":"floods","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-level-rise","display_name":"sea level rise","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-disasters","display_name":"environmental disasters","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-spills","display_name":"oil spills","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-exposure","display_name":"pollution exposure","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.3160000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.5361706018447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.5256803035736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.5219823122024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5212419629096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777399953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155658","display_name":"Deforestation (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5159817337989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41866144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202398","display_name":"Industrialisation","level":2,"score":0.4789193868637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.460662305355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16989226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16934857","display_name":"Environmental change","level":3,"score":0.4455059766769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.4325335919857025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3250115215778351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.270560622215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.22596558928489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0960492193698883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37978/agm.v2i1.267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37978/agm.v2i1.267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.37978/agm.v2i1.267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225041","display_name":"Annals of Gulf Medicine","issn_l":"2616-9231","issn":["2616-9231"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Gulf Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.821399986743927}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095724744","https://openalex.org/W2012213466","https://openalex.org/W3018919913","https://openalex.org/W2736726887","https://openalex.org/W3013554090","https://openalex.org/W4312849523","https://openalex.org/W4389426041","https://openalex.org/W2786622050","https://openalex.org/W4254004503","https://openalex.org/W4405603216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"the":[1,38,46,51,56,67,80,89,96,156,160,165,189,203,232,241,265,268,295,310,318,323,349,388,391,407,413,424,433],"mid-20th":[2],"century,":[3],"there":[4],"has":[5,214,420],"been":[6,207],"quite":[7],"a":[8,115,121,131,171,247,256,271,382,428],"radical":[9],"change":[10,78],"in":[11,45,95,130,176,259,262,277,282,305,317,390,410,416],"environmental":[12,149,197,223,296,378],"and":[13,37,61,70,75,164,237,270,315,334,367,404,436],"climate":[14,216],"patterns":[15],"regionally":[16],"as":[17,19,55,120,226],"well":[18],"globally.":[20],"The":[21,48,212,285,393],"reason":[22],"behind":[23],"these":[24],"changes":[25,113,124,150,297,379],"is":[26,194,290,309],"primarily":[27],"linked":[28],"to":[29,105,118,128,196,210,240,279,294,327,364,377],"deforestation,":[30],"industrialization,":[31,179],"expanded":[32],"use":[33,183],"of":[34,41,58,98,133,173,184,191,231,250,264,267,288,313,322,344,352,356,427],"fossil":[35],"fuels,":[36],"extreme":[39],"production":[40],"carbon":[42],"dioxide":[43],"(CO2)":[44],"atmosphere.":[47],"environment":[49,434],"comprises":[50],"surrounding":[52],"conditions":[53,142],"such":[54,225],"complex":[57],"biological,":[59],"physical,":[60],"chemical":[62],"factors":[63],"that":[64,167,218,380,399],"act":[65],"upon":[66],"ecological":[68,85],"community":[69],"ultimately":[71],"determine":[72],"its":[73],"form":[74,97],"survival.":[76],"Environmental":[77,112],"encompasses":[79],"disturbances":[81],"caused":[82],"either":[83],"by":[84,88,154,431],"processes":[86],"or":[87,143,384],"human":[90,152,429],"influence":[91],"which":[92,373],"can":[93,125],"be":[94,126],"man-made":[99],"disasters":[100],"including":[101],"but":[102,199],"not":[103],"limited":[104],"wars,":[106,181],"oil":[107,314],"spills,":[108],"pollution,":[109],"cyclones,":[110],"etc.":[111],"are":[114,374],"huge":[116],"threat":[117],"humanity":[119],"whole.":[122],"These":[123,148,360],"detrimental":[127],"health":[129,141,146,153,389,426],"multitude":[132],"ways.":[134],"Most":[135],"significant":[136],"ones":[137],"being":[138,430],"exacerbating":[139],"existing":[140],"causing":[144],"unforeseen":[145],"problems.":[147],"affect":[151],"polluting":[155],"air":[157],"we":[158,162,168],"breathe,":[159],"water":[161,260,283],"drink,":[163],"food":[166],"eat.":[169],"As":[170],"result":[172,276],"accelerated":[174],"progressions":[175],"technology,":[177],"active":[178],"ongoing":[180],"irrational":[182],"pollutants":[185],"like":[186,202],"petroleum,":[187],"etc.,":[188],"whole":[190],"our":[192],"planet":[193],"susceptible":[195,376],"changes,":[198],"some":[200],"areas":[201],"Gulf":[204,307],"region":[205,308],"have":[206,219,381],"more":[208],"sensitive":[209],"these.":[211],"gulf":[213],"shown":[215],"deviations":[217],"transmuted":[220],"into":[221],"various":[222],"extremes":[224],"rising":[227],"sea":[228],"levels,":[229],"melting":[230],"arctic":[233],"ice":[234],"caps,":[235],"droughts,":[236],"floods.":[238],"According":[239,326],"widely":[242],"cited,":[243],"\"The":[244],"Stern":[245],"Review\",":[246],"temperature":[248],"rise":[249,274],"2":[251],"degrees":[252],"Celsius":[253,273],"will":[254,275],"see":[255],"20-30%":[257],"decrease":[258,281],"availability":[261],"one":[263],"regions":[266],"globe,":[269],"4":[272],"up":[278],"50%":[280],"availability1.":[284],"latest":[286],"example":[287],"this":[289],"Kuwait;":[291],"where":[292],"due":[293],"world's":[298],"most":[299],"scorching":[300],"day":[301],"was":[302],"recorded":[303],"recently":[304],"20192.The":[306],"largest":[311],"producer":[312],"gas":[316],"world":[319,328],"fulfilling":[320],"1/3rd":[321],"world\u2019s":[324],"needs.":[325],"bank":[329],"statistics,":[330],"UAE,":[331],"Saudi":[332],"Arab,":[333],"Qatar":[335],"produce":[336],"around":[337],"22.9,":[338],"19.4":[339],"&":[340],"43.9":[341],"metric":[342,354],"tons":[343,355],"CO2":[345,357],"per":[346,358],"capita":[347],"against":[348],"global":[350],"average":[351],"5.0":[353],"capita.":[359],"materials":[361],"when":[362],"processed":[363],"make":[365],"electricity":[366],"other":[368],"products":[369],"release":[370],"greenhouse":[371],"gasses":[372],"highly":[375],"direct":[383],"indirect":[385],"effect":[386],"on":[387,423],"region.":[392],"byproducts":[394],"include":[395],"particulate":[396],"matter":[397],"(PM2.5)":[398],"cause":[400],"chronic":[401],"respiratory":[402],"diseases":[403],"also":[405,419],"aggravate":[406],"asthma":[408],"condition":[409],"many.":[411],"Furthermore,":[412],"overall":[414],"increase":[415],"urban":[417],"smog":[418],"an":[421],"impact":[422],"psychological":[425],"making":[432],"dark":[435],"hazy.":[437]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2020-07-29T00:00:00"}
