{"id":"https://openalex.org/W304295043","doi":null,"title":"High and Low-Burnout Principals: What Makes the Difference?.","display_name":"High and Low-Burnout Principals: What Makes the Difference?.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W304295043","mag":"304295043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:304295043","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED410685.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079344768","display_name":"Isaac A. Friedman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isaac A. Friedman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079344768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12704","display_name":"Stress and Burnout Research","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12704","display_name":"Stress and Burnout Research","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12869","display_name":"Occupational Health and Burnout","score":0.045899998396635056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burnout","display_name":"burnout","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-principals","display_name":"school principals","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-efficacy","display_name":"self-efficacy","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stressors","display_name":"stressors","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-management","display_name":"human resource management","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-dependence","display_name":"resource dependence","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-ambiguity","display_name":"role ambiguity","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-conflict","display_name":"role conflict","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depersonalization","display_name":"depersonalization","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhaustion","display_name":"exhaustion","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/achievement","display_name":"achievement","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coping-strategies","display_name":"coping strategies","score":0.8149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125370674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480","display_name":"Stressor","level":2,"score":0.787436306476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143916079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629248","display_name":"Burnout","level":2,"score":0.7379019260406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88519622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q776232","display_name":"Emotional exhaustion","level":3,"score":0.7247479557991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7206360101699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6099898219108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779229956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83177","display_name":"Depersonalization","level":4,"score":0.6069093942642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56270706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943496","display_name":"Role conflict","level":2,"score":0.549842894077301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.5163187384605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.4994797706604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815298","display_name":"Occupational stress","level":2,"score":0.4976859390735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73282008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759895","display_name":"Coping (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4904644191265106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.43326547741889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4177754819393158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.326379656791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.31521904468536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.19231435656547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.17359116673469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:304295043","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED410685.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996046499","https://openalex.org/W2017745413","https://openalex.org/W2017985953","https://openalex.org/W2088223830","https://openalex.org/W2139160255","https://openalex.org/W2144816256","https://openalex.org/W2153403719","https://openalex.org/W2896353662","https://openalex.org/W2905050482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2550985657","https://openalex.org/W67866688","https://openalex.org/W2975652817","https://openalex.org/W7038722228","https://openalex.org/W7148716506","https://openalex.org/W2182608753","https://openalex.org/W2047178425","https://openalex.org/W2139160255","https://openalex.org/W4416875642","https://openalex.org/W3191251413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Taxing":[0],"situations":[1],"that":[2,23,25,55,119,165,198,265],"threaten":[3],"the":[4,46,67,70,102,114,169,263,270,280],"administrator's":[5],"sense":[6,48,192],"of":[7,20,45,49,57,69,76,184,193],"self-efficacy":[8],"meaningfully":[9],"account":[10],"for":[11,62],"burnout":[12],"in":[13,66,83,149],"human-service":[14],"professionals.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17,196],"presents":[18],"findings":[19,162],"a":[21,42,63,86,202,207],"study":[22],"hypothesized":[24],"environmental":[26,121],"or":[27],"role":[28,59,140,150],"stressors":[128,138,154],"could":[30,123],"be":[31,124,218,267],"classified":[32],"as":[33,126,206],"task,":[34],"organization,":[35],"and":[36,79,94,105,107,134,142,144,146,152,159,186,215,229,237,243,248,275],"relations":[153],"stressors,":[38,91],"each":[39,56],"pertaining":[40],"to":[41,89,100,112,210,220,239],"different":[43,64],"domain":[44],"professional's":[47,71],"self-efficacy.":[50],"The":[51,161,195],"second":[52,115],"hypothesis":[53],"was":[54,98],"these":[58],"accounted":[61],"proportion":[65],"variation":[68],"perceived":[72,199],"burnout.":[73,95,211],"A":[74],"total":[75],"821":[77],"elementary":[78],"secondary":[80],"school":[81,227],"principals":[82,228],"Israel":[84],"completed":[85],"questionnaire":[87],"designed":[88],"measure":[90],"coping":[92],"strategies,":[93],"Factor":[96],"analysis":[97],"used":[99,111],"test":[101,113],"first":[103],"hypothesis,":[104],"discriminant":[106],"multiple-regression":[108],"analyses":[109],"were":[110,168],"hypothesis.":[116],"Results":[117],"indicated":[118],"common":[120],"categorized":[125],"organization":[166],"(pressures":[129],"stemming":[130],"from":[131,269],"human-resource-management":[132],"issues":[133],"resource":[135,189],"dependence);":[136],"task":[137],"(overload,":[139],"ambiguity":[141],"conflict,":[143],"administrative":[145],"technical":[147],"assistance":[148],"performance);":[151],"(external":[155],"with":[157],"parents":[158],"supervisors).":[160],"also":[163],"indicate":[164],"best":[170,180,264],"predicting":[171],"variables":[172],"distinguishing":[173],"between":[174,226],"highand":[175],"low-burnout":[176],"principals.":[177],"Human-resource":[178],"management":[179,236],"predicted":[181,191],"high":[182],"levels":[183],"depersonalization":[185],"exhaustion,":[187],"whereas":[188],"dependency":[190],"accomplishment.":[194],"argues":[197],"threat":[200],"against":[201],"principal's":[203],"authority":[204],"acts":[205],"strain":[208],"contributing":[209],"Therefore,":[212],"new":[213],"boundaries":[214],"expectations":[216],"should":[217,232],"defined":[219],"bring":[221],"about":[222],"more":[223],"realistic":[224],"incumbents.":[230],"Training":[231],"focus":[233],"on":[234],"human-resource":[235],"how":[238],"better":[240],"utilize":[241],"internal":[242],"external":[244],"resources.":[245],"Two":[246],"figures":[247],"five":[249],"tables":[250],"are":[251,262],"included.":[252],"(Contains":[253],"16":[254],"references.)":[255],"(LMI)":[256],"********************************************************************************":[257,273],"Reproductions":[258],"supplied":[259],"by":[260],"EDRS":[261],"can":[266],"made":[268],"original":[271],"document.":[272],"High":[274],"Low-Burnout":[276],"Principals:":[277],"What":[278],"makes":[279],"difference?":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
