{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042941346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755048320000401","title":"Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism in Bangladesh","display_name":"Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism in Bangladesh","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042941346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755048320000401","mag":"3042941346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1755048320000401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755048320000401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755048320000401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120820016","display_name":"Politics and Religion","issn_l":"1755-0483","issn":["1755-0483","1755-0491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Politics and Religion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037363441","display_name":"Shafi Md Mostofa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-0683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-0683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205746353","display_name":"University of Dhaka","ror":"https://ror.org/05wv2vq37","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I275799156","display_name":"University of New England","ror":"https://ror.org/02n2ava60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I275799156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90745801","display_name":"University of New England","ror":"https://ror.org/04r659a56","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90745801"]}],"countries":["AU","BD","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shafi Md. Mostofa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dhaka, Bangladesh","University of New England, Australia","University of New England"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-0683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New England, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90745801"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I275799156","https://openalex.org/I90745801"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046285987","display_name":"D. B. Subedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-532X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-532X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I275799156","display_name":"University of New England","ror":"https://ror.org/02n2ava60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I275799156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90745801","display_name":"University of New England","ror":"https://ror.org/04r659a56","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90745801"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. B. Subedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New England, Australia","University of New England"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-532X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New England, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90745801"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I275799156","https://openalex.org/I90745801"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046285987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I275799156","https://openalex.org/I90745801"],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.8503,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.990648,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"431","last_page":"459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13826","display_name":"Bangladesh Politics, Society, and Development","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13826","display_name":"Bangladesh Politics, Society, and Development","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13002","display_name":"Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-authoritarianism","display_name":"competitive authoritarianism","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarianism","display_name":"authoritarianism","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangladesh","display_name":"Bangladesh","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-consolidation","display_name":"democratic consolidation","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-manipulation","display_name":"electoral manipulation","score":0.9490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68346564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6229","display_name":"Authoritarianism","level":4,"score":0.9674482345581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5928357839584351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5583956837654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5412386059761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164429055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070165","display_name":"Institutionalisation","level":2,"score":0.5279965400695801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5155470371246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779111050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255876","display_name":"Democratic consolidation","level":5,"score":0.5137744545936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.4079429805278778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.3371432423591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.27386677265167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23361003398895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13548442721366882}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1755048320000401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755048320000401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755048320000401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120820016","display_name":"Politics and Religion","issn_l":"1755-0483","issn":["1755-0483","1755-0491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Politics and Religion","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rune.une.edu.au:1959.11/29462","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/29462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055448","display_name":"RUNE (Research UNE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9170809","https://openalex.org/W105664592","https://openalex.org/W381582087","https://openalex.org/W587260574","https://openalex.org/W621908616","https://openalex.org/W641870779","https://openalex.org/W656768515","https://openalex.org/W1499821187","https://openalex.org/W1503134246","https://openalex.org/W1579568837","https://openalex.org/W1585373196","https://openalex.org/W1587761259","https://openalex.org/W1828453995","https://openalex.org/W1974674252","https://openalex.org/W1975406400","https://openalex.org/W1985366913","https://openalex.org/W1987433415","https://openalex.org/W1992333510","https://openalex.org/W1993984993","https://openalex.org/W1997170876","https://openalex.org/W2002162133","https://openalex.org/W2003039168","https://openalex.org/W2008702523","https://openalex.org/W2018031447","https://openalex.org/W2018448581","https://openalex.org/W2026787239","https://openalex.org/W2039229812","https://openalex.org/W2055992674","https://openalex.org/W2057119594","https://openalex.org/W2070442191","https://openalex.org/W2074274416","https://openalex.org/W2077437051","https://openalex.org/W2077848094","https://openalex.org/W2086342269","https://openalex.org/W2088762841","https://openalex.org/W2099955006","https://openalex.org/W2105912435","https://openalex.org/W2107559193","https://openalex.org/W2107944243","https://openalex.org/W2114336831","https://openalex.org/W2147650375","https://openalex.org/W2148388782","https://openalex.org/W2153131646","https://openalex.org/W2162818481","https://openalex.org/W2177542300","https://openalex.org/W2184983563","https://openalex.org/W2236828767","https://openalex.org/W2243220957","https://openalex.org/W2264769561","https://openalex.org/W2269890250","https://openalex.org/W2293201281","https://openalex.org/W2331931022","https://openalex.org/W2338036464","https://openalex.org/W2389346812","https://openalex.org/W2416331514","https://openalex.org/W2441401274","https://openalex.org/W2504724762","https://openalex.org/W2580816829","https://openalex.org/W2601131529","https://openalex.org/W2889339068","https://openalex.org/W2905266153","https://openalex.org/W2950441491","https://openalex.org/W2952652953","https://openalex.org/W2955132904","https://openalex.org/W2991764271","https://openalex.org/W2998273770","https://openalex.org/W3027566740","https://openalex.org/W3088539982","https://openalex.org/W3120499538","https://openalex.org/W3129158092","https://openalex.org/W4240901143","https://openalex.org/W4247017260","https://openalex.org/W4247963884","https://openalex.org/W4256381953","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298364222","https://openalex.org/W4300005038","https://openalex.org/W4300022765","https://openalex.org/W6735849099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413935692","https://openalex.org/W4411338904","https://openalex.org/W2580816829","https://openalex.org/W4233801591","https://openalex.org/W4410004990","https://openalex.org/W4394890756","https://openalex.org/W2793926885","https://openalex.org/W7215174440","https://openalex.org/W2912571915","https://openalex.org/W4390842359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,54],"examine":[2],"the":[3,14,21,34,39,43,49,76,98,108,115],"changing":[4],"nature":[5],"of":[6,42,51,71,80,85,93,110,117],"an":[7],"authoritarian":[8,44,81,94],"regime,":[9],"which":[10],"is":[11],"emerging":[12],"from":[13,33],"social":[15,66],"and":[16,67,83,96,102,113],"political":[17,68,72],"conditions":[18],"shaped":[19],"by":[20],"unconsolidated":[22],"democracy":[23],"in":[24,46,58,120],"Bangladesh.":[25,121],"Drawing":[26],"on":[27],"desk-based":[28],"research":[29],"combined":[30],"with":[31,63],"interviews":[32],"field,":[35],"we":[36,104],"argue":[37],"that":[38,56],"current":[40],"form":[41],"regime":[45],"Bangladesh":[47,59],"represents":[48],"characteristics":[50],"competitive":[52,111],"authoritarianism.":[53],"find":[55],"authoritarianism":[57,112],"combines":[60],"\u201celection":[61],"manipulation\u201d":[62],"three":[64],"additional":[65],"mechanisms:":[69],"\u201cmarginalization":[70],"oppositions\u201d":[73],"leading":[74],"to":[75,106],"oppositional":[77],"void,":[78],"\u201cinstitutionalization":[79],"policies,\u201d":[82],"\u201cco-option":[84],"religious":[86],"leaders.\u201d":[87],"By":[88],"adding":[89],"these":[90],"new":[91],"mechanisms":[92],"politics":[95,101],"tracing":[97],"links":[99],"between":[100],"religion,":[103],"aim":[105],"expand":[107],"theory":[109],"unpack":[114],"puzzle":[116],"democratic":[118],"consolidation":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-07-23T00:00:00"}