{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042878232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000230","title":"Role of Solidification in Submerged Entry Nozzle Clogging During Continuous Casting of Steel","display_name":"Role of Solidification in Submerged Entry Nozzle Clogging During Continuous Casting of Steel","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042878232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000230","mag":"3042878232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/srin.202000230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000230","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/srin.202000230","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34395325","display_name":"steel research international","issn_l":"1611-3683","issn":["1611-3683","1869-344X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"steel research international","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/srin.202000230","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073156163","display_name":"Hadi Barati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-2668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-2668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264946","display_name":"K1-MET GmbH (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e7pqd57","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264946"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Barati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes, Department of Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet, Franz-Josef Street 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","K1-MET, Franz-Josef Street 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-2668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes, Department of Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet, Franz-Josef Street 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"K1-MET, Franz-Josef Street 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405264946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022145759","display_name":"Menghuai Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-412X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-412X","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4034-1294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Menghuai Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes, Department of Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet, Franz-Josef Street 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-412X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes, Department of Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet, Franz-Josef Street 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057855406","display_name":"Abdellah Kharicha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8636-2368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8636-2368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdellah Kharicha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes, Department of Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet, Franz-Josef Street 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8636-2368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes, Department of Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet, Franz-Josef Street 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029692744","display_name":"Andreas Ludwig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-1081","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-1081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Ludwig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes, Department of Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet, Franz-Josef Street 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-1081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes, Department of Metallurgy, Montanuniversitaet, Franz-Josef Street 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022145759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"fwci":1.2103,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73742843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":"12","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11087","display_name":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/submerged-entry-nozzle","display_name":"submerged entry nozzle","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nozzle-clogging","display_name":"nozzle clogging","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solidification","display_name":"solidification","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-casting-of-steel","display_name":"continuous casting of steel","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-tomography","display_name":"X-ray tomography","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melt-flow","display_name":"melt flow","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superheat","display_name":"superheat","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-life","display_name":"service life","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488656","display_name":"Clogging","level":2,"score":0.9694991111755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.7089415788650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37114186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644139","display_name":"Superheating","level":2,"score":0.7015308141708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5375219583511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.48443225026130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779684419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506832","display_name":"Continuous casting","level":2,"score":0.4686673879623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.46836650371551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16635281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496098","display_name":"Casting","level":2,"score":0.4673994183540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41581106185913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28867268562316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21730801463127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.14611533284187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/srin.202000230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000230","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/srin.202000230","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34395325","display_name":"steel research international","issn_l":"1611-3683","issn":["1611-3683","1869-344X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"steel research international","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/srin.202000230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000230","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/srin.202000230","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34395325","display_name":"steel research international","issn_l":"1611-3683","issn":["1611-3683","1869-344X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"steel research international","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318434","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobilit\u00e4t, Innovation und Technologie","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324794","display_name":"Steirische Wirtschaftsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/05x217f96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327593","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort","ror":"https://ror.org/00eh1sz49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042878232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042878232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970502967","https://openalex.org/W1974097079","https://openalex.org/W1987035971","https://openalex.org/W1987906019","https://openalex.org/W1990339448","https://openalex.org/W1994780412","https://openalex.org/W2032912230","https://openalex.org/W2039269263","https://openalex.org/W2058047061","https://openalex.org/W2060938382","https://openalex.org/W2073765441","https://openalex.org/W2287778440","https://openalex.org/W2572549397","https://openalex.org/W2789474905","https://openalex.org/W2927030079","https://openalex.org/W4289560572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3198126557","https://openalex.org/W4377019162","https://openalex.org/W2968976449","https://openalex.org/W2789474905","https://openalex.org/W4399010851","https://openalex.org/W2088185774","https://openalex.org/W4380449796","https://openalex.org/W4399967926","https://openalex.org/W4412442394","https://openalex.org/W4220722923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metallurgists":[0],"are":[1,93],"embroiled":[2],"in":[3,11,50,70,77,85,106,136],"a":[4,51,116],"debate":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,31,58,78,86,90,107,111,120,133,146,149,159,166,173,188],"role":[8],"of":[9,20,57,66,89,148,181],"solidification":[10,49,84,102,121,160],"submerged":[12],"entry":[13],"nozzle":[14],"(SEN)":[15],"clogging":[16,23,29,164],"during":[17],"continuous":[18],"casting":[19],"steel:":[21],"does":[22,28,103],"originate":[24],"from":[25],"solidification,":[26],"or":[27],"cause":[30],"solidification?":[32],"This":[33,125],"study":[34,156],"tries":[35],"to":[36,47,140,144],"clarify":[37],"this":[38,137],"debate.":[39],"An":[40],"enthalpy\u2010based":[41],"mixture":[42],"continuum":[43],"model":[44],"is":[45,60,74,114,175],"used":[46,76],"simulate":[48],"clog":[52,59,91,108,123,130,134],"structure.":[53],"The":[54,81,96,155],"3D":[55],"structure":[56,92,109,135],"reconstructed":[61],"using":[62],"X\u2010ray":[63],"tomography":[64],"images":[65],"an":[67,71,128,182],"as\u2010clogged":[68],"piece":[69],"SEN,":[72],"and":[73,83,122,132,172],"directly":[75],"numerical":[79],"model.":[80],"flow":[82,113],"open":[87],"pores/channels":[88],"then":[94],"calculated.":[95],"modeling":[97],"results":[98],"demonstrate":[99],"that":[100,158],"although":[101],"occur":[104,162],"deep":[105],"as":[110],"melt":[112,150],"stopped,":[115],"gap":[117,126],"remains":[118],"between":[119],"fronts.":[124],"signifies":[127],"open\u2010channel":[129],"region,":[131],"region":[138],"needs":[139],"be":[141],"mechanically":[142],"strong":[143],"withstand":[145],"impact":[147],"flow;":[151],"otherwise,":[152],"fragmentation":[153],"occurs.":[154],"verifies":[157],"cannot":[161],"before":[163],"if":[165],"molten":[167],"steel":[168],"has":[169],"sufficient":[170],"superheat":[171],"SEN":[174,179],"properly":[176],"preheated.":[177],"A":[178],"made":[180],"isolating":[183],"refractory":[184],"material":[185],"can":[186],"postpone":[187],"clogging,":[189],"thereby":[190],"extending":[191],"its":[192],"service":[193],"life.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2020-07-23T00:00:00"}
