{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041933802","doi":null,"title":"Do College Tuition Subsidies Boost Spending and Reduce Debt? Impacts by Income and Race","display_name":"Do College Tuition Subsidies Boost Spending and Reduce Debt? Impacts by Income and Race","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041933802","mag":"3041933802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3041933802","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://fedinprint.org/item/fednls/88328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306518632","display_name":"Liberty Street Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liberty Street Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047759401","display_name":"Rajashri Chakrabarti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3797-9366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3797-9366"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajashri Chakrabarti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3797-9366","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029496494","display_name":"William Nober","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Nober","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019203054","display_name":"Wilbert van der Klaauw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-3342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-3342"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilbert van der Klaauw","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68294329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.04670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-debt","display_name":"student debt","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-consumption","display_name":"household consumption","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-card-debt","display_name":"credit card debt","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-purchase","display_name":"home purchase","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-purchase","display_name":"car buying","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.9610000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.8276147842407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.77843177318573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6943081021308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.6643785238265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.6269005537033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5889438390731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5199416875839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778728124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627822","display_name":"Student debt","level":3,"score":0.4386482834815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3618563711643219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35970717668533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.32000789046287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.27449268102645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.22578632831573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.062023699283599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3041933802","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://fedinprint.org/item/fednls/88328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306518632","display_name":"Liberty Street Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liberty Street Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:fip:fednls:88328","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2020/07/do-college-tuition-subsidies-boost-spending-and-reduce-debt-impacts-by-income-and-race.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3025341999","https://openalex.org/W2513347453","https://openalex.org/W2561075314","https://openalex.org/W7099967792","https://openalex.org/W2969443262","https://openalex.org/W2350927810","https://openalex.org/W2974430361","https://openalex.org/W156114580","https://openalex.org/W2187620570","https://openalex.org/W4406796289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,55],"an":[1,92],"October":[2],"post,":[3,58],"we":[4,39,59],"showed":[5],"the":[6,13,123],"effect":[7,65],"of":[8,15,119],"college":[9],"tuition":[10],"subsidies":[11],"in":[12,29,43,97,101,111,116,122,131],"form":[14],"merit-based":[16],"financial":[17],"aid":[18,89],"on":[19],"educational":[20],"and":[21,53,62,71,80,113,134,139],"student":[22,30],"debt":[23,31,70,118,135],"outcomes,":[24,73],"documenting":[25],"a":[26,109,114],"large":[27],"decline":[28,110],"for":[32,35],"those":[33,75],"eligible":[34,98],"merit":[36,88],"aid.":[37],"Additionally,":[38],"reported":[40],"striking":[41],"differences":[42,130],"these":[44,102,120,132],"outcomes":[45],"by":[46,50,108],"demographics,":[47],"as":[48],"proxied":[49],"neighborhood":[51],"race":[52,140],"income.":[54],"this":[56,64],"follow-up":[57],"examine":[60],"whether":[61],"how":[63],"passes":[66],"through":[67],"to":[68,77,87,91],"other":[69],"consumption":[72,100,112,133],"namely":[74],"related":[76],"autos,":[78],"homes,":[79],"credit":[81],"cards.":[82],"We":[83],"find":[84],"that":[85],"access":[86],"leads":[90],"immediate":[93],"but":[94],"temporary":[95],"increase":[96,105],"individuals\u2019":[99],"categories.":[103],"The":[104],"is":[106],"followed":[107],"reduction":[115],"total":[117],"types":[121],"longer":[124],"term.":[125],"Importantly,":[126],"there":[127],"are":[128],"marked":[129],"patterns":[136],"across":[137],"income":[138],"groups.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2020-07-16T00:00:00"}