{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041410195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f11070745","title":"Norway Spruce Survival Rate in Two Forested Landscapes, 1975\u20132016","display_name":"Norway Spruce Survival Rate in Two Forested Landscapes, 1975\u20132016","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041410195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f11070745","mag":"3041410195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/f11070745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f11070745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070745","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/745/pdf?version=1594452079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71324801","display_name":"Forests","issn_l":"1999-4907","issn":["1999-4907"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forests","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3041410195"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/745/pdf?version=1594452079","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028656007","display_name":"Endijs B\u0101ders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-0838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-0838"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136527","display_name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \"Silava\"","ror":"https://ror.org/03kx37d46","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Endijs B\u0101ders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-0838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071504706","display_name":"Oskars Kri\u0161\u0101ns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3315-7701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3315-7701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136527","display_name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \"Silava\"","ror":"https://ror.org/03kx37d46","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oskars Kri\u0161\u0101ns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034683396","display_name":"J\u0101nis Donis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-0566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-0566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136527","display_name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \"Silava\"","ror":"https://ror.org/03kx37d46","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u0101nis Donis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-0566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026768764","display_name":"Didzis Elferts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-1231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-1231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136527","display_name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \"Silava\"","ror":"https://ror.org/03kx37d46","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Didzis Elferts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas street 1, LV\u20131004 R\u012bga, Latvia","Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-1231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas street 1, LV\u20131004 R\u012bga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085693968","display_name":"Ieva Jaunslaviete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7322-2729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7322-2729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136527","display_name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \"Silava\"","ror":"https://ror.org/03kx37d46","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ieva Jaunslaviete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072463205","display_name":"\u0100ris Jansons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7981-4346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7981-4346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136527","display_name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \"Silava\"","ror":"https://ror.org/03kx37d46","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0100ris Jansons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7981-4346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute \u2018Silava\u2019, Rigas 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028656007"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136527"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"fwci":0.1952,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50838926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"745","last_page":"745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.4993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.4993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11753","display_name":"Forest Management and Policy","score":0.3700999915599823,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11691","display_name":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","score":0.06729999929666519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norway-spruce","display_name":"Norway spruce","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-mortality","display_name":"tree mortality","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-mortality","display_name":"age-related mortality","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-disturbance","display_name":"forest disturbance","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemiboreal-forests","display_name":"hemiboreal forests","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-planning","display_name":"forest management planning","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-impacts-on-forests","display_name":"climate change impacts on forests","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latvia","display_name":"Latvia","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanes","display_name":"vanes","score":0.7429999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6893564462661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.6041318774223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77077793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336019","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5972307920455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5744990110397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.47201937437057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.4623279571533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775966360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720362","display_name":"Silviculture","level":2,"score":0.4462260603904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.44487398862838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.18465951085090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/f11070745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f11070745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070745","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/745/pdf?version=1594452079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71324801","display_name":"Forests","issn_l":"1999-4907","issn":["1999-4907"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forests","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/f11070745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f11070745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070745","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/745/pdf?version=1594452079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71324801","display_name":"Forests","issn_l":"1999-4907","issn":["1999-4907"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forests","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3521683042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1.1.1.2/VIAA/1/16/120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","funder_display_name":"European Social Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041410195.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041410195.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200632227","https://openalex.org/W593390211","https://openalex.org/W1526274539","https://openalex.org/W1576316072","https://openalex.org/W1583823415","https://openalex.org/W1974156260","https://openalex.org/W1974788476","https://openalex.org/W1987598109","https://openalex.org/W1993442922","https://openalex.org/W1996656563","https://openalex.org/W2000035057","https://openalex.org/W2001056287","https://openalex.org/W2005377544","https://openalex.org/W2011736802","https://openalex.org/W2012065086","https://openalex.org/W2014532847","https://openalex.org/W2015628644","https://openalex.org/W2016512224","https://openalex.org/W2021492381","https://openalex.org/W2036197299","https://openalex.org/W2037098169","https://openalex.org/W2041434896","https://openalex.org/W2052640756","https://openalex.org/W2058244378","https://openalex.org/W2062137722","https://openalex.org/W2063267306","https://openalex.org/W2083751052","https://openalex.org/W2090121829","https://openalex.org/W2116754686","https://openalex.org/W2117024201","https://openalex.org/W2120064776","https://openalex.org/W2121886045","https://openalex.org/W2127839760","https://openalex.org/W2130771998","https://openalex.org/W2144632834","https://openalex.org/W2146831160","https://openalex.org/W2151199525","https://openalex.org/W2183806923","https://openalex.org/W2210928097","https://openalex.org/W2215762684","https://openalex.org/W2284875497","https://openalex.org/W2340694037","https://openalex.org/W2402760560","https://openalex.org/W2417324986","https://openalex.org/W2595389292","https://openalex.org/W2605202537","https://openalex.org/W2605773950","https://openalex.org/W2618763313","https://openalex.org/W2791682768","https://openalex.org/W2891304338","https://openalex.org/W3010842432","https://openalex.org/W3025112642","https://openalex.org/W3027316898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7201251887","https://openalex.org/W2158901816","https://openalex.org/W2991674513","https://openalex.org/W4413102600","https://openalex.org/W7134855946","https://openalex.org/W2586243271","https://openalex.org/W2914237428","https://openalex.org/W4400966601","https://openalex.org/W2300265300","https://openalex.org/W1911209291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56,104,131],"increasing":[1],"frequency":[2],"and":[3,10,84,95,101,116,233],"severity":[4],"of":[5,23,36,43,52,60,79,98,113,125,136,154],"natural":[6],"disturbances":[7],"(e.g.,":[8],"storms":[9],"insect":[11],"outbreaks)":[12],"due":[13,209],"to":[14,19,76,173,210],"climate":[15],"change":[16],"are":[17,47],"expected":[18],"reduce":[20],"the":[21,28,34,50,72,93,123,140,152,200,221],"abundance":[22,112],"Norway":[24,44,61,114],"spruce":[25,45,62,115],"stands":[26,46,63,126,137,155],"in":[27,64,88,92,107,134,163,175,179,189,198,217],"European":[29],"forests.":[30],"Under":[31],"such":[32],"conditions,":[33],"assessment":[35],"status":[37],"quo":[38],"on":[39,41,68,122],"focusing":[40,121],"survival":[42,153,181],"essential":[48],"for":[49,71,224,238],"agility":[51],"forest":[53,69,90,218],"management":[54,219],"strategies.":[55],"dynamics":[57],"(mortality":[58],"rate)":[59],"hemiboreal":[65],"forests":[66],"based":[67],"inventories":[70,157,172],"period":[73],"from":[74,168,194,205],"1975":[75],"2016":[77],"(inventories":[78],"1975,":[80],"1985,":[81],"1999,":[82],"2011":[83],"2016)":[85],"were":[86,119],"analyzed":[87],"two":[89],"landscapes":[91,229],"western":[94],"eastern":[96],"parts":[97],"Latvia":[99],"(Vane":[100],"Dviete,":[102,164,199],"respectively).":[103],"spatiotemporal":[105],"changes":[106,133],"age-dependent":[108],"mortality":[109,225],"differing":[110],"by":[111],"disturbance":[117,212],"regime":[118],"assessed,":[120],"transitions":[124],"between":[127,148,156,185,227],"age":[128,142],"groups":[129],"(inventories).":[130],"age-related":[132],"probability":[135],"transitioning":[138],"into":[139],"next":[141],"group":[143],"contrasted":[144],"(p":[145],"<":[146],"0.001)":[147],"sites.":[149],"In":[150],"Vane,":[151,190],"was":[158],"constant":[159],"(ca.":[160],"90%),":[161],"while":[162,197],"it":[165],"decreased":[166],"sharply":[167],"85.7%":[169],"during":[170],"1985\u20131999":[171],"49.3%":[174],"2011\u20132016.":[176],"Age-related":[177],"decreases":[178,192],"stand":[180],"showed":[182],"local":[183],"dependencies":[184],"both":[186,228],"landscapes,":[187],"namely,":[188],"notable":[191],"started":[193,203],"61":[195],"years,":[196,207],"downward":[201],"trends":[202],"already":[204],"31":[206],"probably":[208],"different":[211,222],"regimes.":[213],"This":[214],"suggests":[215],"that,":[216],"planning,":[220],"outcomes":[223],"patterns":[226],"must":[230],"be":[231,236],"considered":[232],"should":[234],"not":[235],"generalized":[237],"a":[239],"whole":[240],"country.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2020-07-16T00:00:00"}