{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041004625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000004568","title":"Powering Bias and Clinically Important Treatment Effects in Randomized Trials of Critical Illness*","display_name":"Powering Bias and Clinically Important Treatment Effects in Randomized Trials of Critical Illness*","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041004625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000004568","mag":"3041004625","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33031148","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7708428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000004568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000004568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108732581","display_name":"Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"0090-3493","issn":["0090-3493","1530-0293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7708428","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086221595","display_name":"Darryl C. Abrams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9073-3897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9073-3897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340179700","display_name":"NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzbrs57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darryl Abrams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Acute Respiratory Failure and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Acute Respiratory Failure and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700","https://openalex.org/I2799503643","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064815115","display_name":"Sydney B. Montesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5724-6808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5724-6808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sydney B. Montesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101833540","display_name":"Sarah K. Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2203-6568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2203-6568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340179700","display_name":"NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzbrs57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah K. L. Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700","https://openalex.org/I2799503643","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004205010","display_name":"Daniel K. Manson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-6672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-6672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340179700","display_name":"NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzbrs57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel K. Manson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700","https://openalex.org/I2799503643","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065796905","display_name":"Kaitlin M. Klipper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340179700","display_name":"NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzbrs57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaitlin M. Klipper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Acute Respiratory Failure and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Acute Respiratory Failure and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700","https://openalex.org/I2799503643","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059309242","display_name":"Meredith A. Case","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-8975","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-8975"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340179700","display_name":"NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzbrs57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meredith A. Case","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700","https://openalex.org/I2799503643","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027065226","display_name":"Daniel Brodie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-3145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-3145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340179700","display_name":"NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzbrs57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Brodie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Acute Respiratory Failure and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Acute Respiratory Failure and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700","https://openalex.org/I2799503643","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028046556","display_name":"Jeremy R. Beitler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0797-2374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0797-2374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340179700","display_name":"NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03gzbrs57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy R. Beitler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Acute Respiratory Failure and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Acute Respiratory Failure and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340179700","https://openalex.org/I2799503643","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2877,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97126071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"12","first_page":"1710","last_page":"1719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-calculation","display_name":"sample size determination","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-care-trials","display_name":"critical care trials","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimal-clinically-important-difference","display_name":"minimal clinically important difference","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-sample-size","display_name":"adaptive sample size","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-effect-estimation","display_name":"treatment effect estimation","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critically-ill-adults","display_name":"critically ill adults","score":0.8009999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.863236665725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.7199575304985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6000695824623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.5947406888008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5429548621177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203092338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863","display_name":"Clinical endpoint","level":3,"score":0.5214378237724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.5171646475791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.5144946575164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120195587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138790","display_name":"Absolute risk reduction","level":3,"score":0.4644847512245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.45422035455703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.4311334192752838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.4170213043689728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3736887574195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1376659870147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.08705517649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003422","descriptor_name":"Critical Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016638","descriptor_name":"Critical Illness","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016638","descriptor_name":"Critical Illness","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000004568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000004568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108732581","display_name":"Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"0090-3493","issn":["0090-3493","1530-0293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33031148","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33031148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical care medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7708428","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7708428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Crit Care Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7708428","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7708428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Crit Care Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5003734892","display_name":"Vascular Leak and Outcomes in IPF","funder_award_id":"K23HL150331","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6547141411","display_name":"Breath stacking dyssynchrony in acute respiratory distress syndrome","funder_award_id":"K23HL133489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8235391263","display_name":"Measuring lung stress to identify occult ventilation-induced lung injury in ARDS","funder_award_id":"R21HL145506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57046154","https://openalex.org/W1963531169","https://openalex.org/W1967278969","https://openalex.org/W1980717583","https://openalex.org/W1990771406","https://openalex.org/W2003256024","https://openalex.org/W2007890540","https://openalex.org/W2025651303","https://openalex.org/W2058622550","https://openalex.org/W2063007022","https://openalex.org/W2072051993","https://openalex.org/W2074935456","https://openalex.org/W2080763975","https://openalex.org/W2081814119","https://openalex.org/W2083963821","https://openalex.org/W2095944485","https://openalex.org/W2100554882","https://openalex.org/W2103727400","https://openalex.org/W2104312285","https://openalex.org/W2104415072","https://openalex.org/W2104825124","https://openalex.org/W2106324399","https://openalex.org/W2106923828","https://openalex.org/W2117480173","https://openalex.org/W2122828189","https://openalex.org/W2124519382","https://openalex.org/W2129429230","https://openalex.org/W2132185712","https://openalex.org/W2133226878","https://openalex.org/W2133774931","https://openalex.org/W2135403187","https://openalex.org/W2143715907","https://openalex.org/W2145053281","https://openalex.org/W2148286193","https://openalex.org/W2148706741","https://openalex.org/W2153437255","https://openalex.org/W2160691650","https://openalex.org/W2161601552","https://openalex.org/W2162478055","https://openalex.org/W2163724055","https://openalex.org/W2286228001","https://openalex.org/W2468673334","https://openalex.org/W2516880594","https://openalex.org/W2581605534","https://openalex.org/W2622680613","https://openalex.org/W2733779494","https://openalex.org/W2758688195","https://openalex.org/W2792737716","https://openalex.org/W2803603947","https://openalex.org/W2806489058","https://openalex.org/W2808839782","https://openalex.org/W2897315557","https://openalex.org/W2903692229","https://openalex.org/W2944988359","https://openalex.org/W2947731370","https://openalex.org/W2990057641","https://openalex.org/W3147176276","https://openalex.org/W4232407625","https://openalex.org/W4293299686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162478055","https://openalex.org/W4236630468","https://openalex.org/W7105924862","https://openalex.org/W3184062382","https://openalex.org/W2622680613","https://openalex.org/W7098399851","https://openalex.org/W2889531171","https://openalex.org/W3158673803","https://openalex.org/W7096192764","https://openalex.org/W2610925754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"Recurring":[1],"issues":[2],"in":[3,54,72,145,166,212,246],"clinical":[4],"trial":[5],"design":[6,270],"may":[7],"bias":[8,24],"results":[9,94,278],"toward":[10,279],"the":[11,31,58,97,106,111,169,184,280],"null,":[12],"yielding":[13],"findings":[14],"inconclusive":[15],"for":[16,22,64,77,129,134,205,229,289],"treatment":[17,38,91,186,254,264,291,295],"effects.":[18,39,292],"This":[19],"study":[20],"evaluated":[21,76],"powering":[23,288],"among":[25],"high-impact":[26,273],"critical":[27,274],"care":[28,275],"trials":[29,49,139,189,225,249,257,276],"and":[30,70,93,287],"associated":[32],"risk":[33,108,203,232],"of":[34,46,50,79,89,162,179,210,215,224,271],"masking":[35],"clinically":[36,99,262],"important":[37,100,263,294],"DESIGN,":[40],"SETTING,":[41],"AND":[42,118],"PATIENTS:":[43],"Secondary":[44],"analysis":[45],"multicenter":[47],"randomized":[48],"critically":[51],"ill":[52],"adults":[53],"which":[55,216],"mortality":[56,107,144,206,286],"was":[57,105,244],"main":[59,103,131],"endpoint.":[60],"Trials":[61],"were":[62,227],"eligible":[63],"inclusion":[65],"if":[66],"published":[67],"between":[68],"2008":[69],"2018":[71],"leading":[73],"journals.":[74],"Analyses":[75],"accuracy":[78],"estimated":[80],"control":[81,142,163,284],"group":[82,143,164,285],"mortality,":[83,165],"adaptive":[84,191],"sample":[85,192],"size":[86,193,243],"strategy,":[87],"plausibility":[88],"predicted":[90,150,211],"effect,":[92],"relative":[95],"to":[96,159,174,182,238],"minimal":[98],"difference.":[101],"The":[102,201,269],"outcome":[104],"difference":[109,204],"at":[110,176],"study-specific":[112],"follow-up":[113],"interval.":[114],"INTERVENTIONS:":[115],"None.":[116],"MEASUREMENTS":[117],"MAIN":[119],"RESULTS:":[120],"Of":[121],"101":[122],"included":[123],"trials,":[124,168,214],"12":[125],"met":[126],"statistical":[127,221],"significance":[128],"their":[130],"endpoint,":[132],"five":[133],"increased":[135],"intervention-associated":[136],"mortality.":[137],"Most":[138,256],"(77.3%)":[140],"overestimated":[141],"power":[146],"calculations":[147],"(observed":[148],"minus":[149],"difference,":[151],"-6.7%":[152],"\u00b1":[153],"9.8%;":[154],"p":[155],"<":[156],"0.01).":[157],"Due":[158],"this":[160,199,241],"misestimation":[161],"14":[167],"intervention":[170],"would":[171],"have":[172,197],"had":[173],"prevent":[175],"least":[177],"half":[178],"all":[180],"deaths":[181],"achieve":[183],"hypothesized":[185],"effect.":[187],"Seven":[188],"prespecified":[190],"strategies":[194],"that":[195],"might":[196],"mitigated":[198],"issue.":[200],"observed":[202,245],"fell":[207],"within":[208],"5%":[209],"20":[213],"16":[217],"did":[218],"not":[219,260],"reach":[220],"significance.":[222],"Half":[223],"(47.0%)":[226],"powered":[228],"an":[230],"absolute":[231],"reduction":[233],"greater":[234],"than":[235],"or":[236,266],"equal":[237],"10%,":[239],"but":[240],"effect":[242],"only":[247],"three":[248],"with":[250],"a":[251],"statistically":[252],"significant":[253],"benefit.":[255],"(67.3%)":[258],"could":[259],"exclude":[261],"benefit":[265],"harm.":[267],"CONCLUSIONS:":[268],"most":[272],"biased":[277],"null":[281],"by":[282],"overestimating":[283],"unrealistic":[290],"Clinically":[293],"effects":[296],"often":[297],"cannot":[298],"be":[299],"excluded.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-07-16T00:00:00"}