{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040937159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","title":"Improving Grey Prediction Model and Its Application in Predicting the Number of Users of a Public Road Transportation System","display_name":"Improving Grey Prediction Model and Its Application in Predicting the Number of Users of a Public Road Transportation System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040937159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","mag":"3040937159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075635521","display_name":"Saeed Balochian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-9167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-9167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258181","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Gonabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00865g357","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258181"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Balochian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Gonabad Branch, Islamic Azad University , Gonabad / Khorasan-e-Razavi, 9691664791 , Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Gonabad Branch, Islamic Azad University , Gonabad / Khorasan-e-Razavi, 9691664791 , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072969763","display_name":"Hossein Baloochian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4294-2405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4294-2405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Baloochian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ferdows Branch, Islamic Azad University , Ferdows , Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ferdows Branch, Islamic Azad University , Ferdows , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075635521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258181"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1695},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1695},"fwci":2.2267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88584838,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"104","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-forecasting-model","display_name":"grey prediction model","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gm-1-1-model","display_name":"GM(1,1) model","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passenger-flow-prediction","display_name":"passenger demand forecasting","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"particle swarm optimization","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameter-optimization","display_name":"parameter optimization","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-scheduling","display_name":"transportation scheduling","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-correction","display_name":"error correction","score":0.3160000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7084802985191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6185115575790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5716075897216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.5552998185157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.5356329083442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5332101583480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45806530117988586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34687092900276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2998981475830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2993841767311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14378777146339417}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e317266724654870bb870aa638f60d6f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e317266724654870bb870aa638f60d6f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol 30, Iss 1, Pp 104-114 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7646999955177307,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W747911303","https://openalex.org/W1907551838","https://openalex.org/W1964585049","https://openalex.org/W1983428223","https://openalex.org/W1989043636","https://openalex.org/W1992665910","https://openalex.org/W1999478779","https://openalex.org/W2007677986","https://openalex.org/W2013377700","https://openalex.org/W2015063326","https://openalex.org/W2029624237","https://openalex.org/W2033884996","https://openalex.org/W2039109810","https://openalex.org/W2039918975","https://openalex.org/W2084277167","https://openalex.org/W2087131890","https://openalex.org/W2152709686","https://openalex.org/W2171122228","https://openalex.org/W2182435947","https://openalex.org/W2218802200","https://openalex.org/W2350784550","https://openalex.org/W2354825678","https://openalex.org/W2412314918","https://openalex.org/W2417810024","https://openalex.org/W2432465520","https://openalex.org/W2522707780","https://openalex.org/W2538613596","https://openalex.org/W2545928118","https://openalex.org/W2772406120","https://openalex.org/W3111742325","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W7066091235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385053088","https://openalex.org/W2020951757","https://openalex.org/W3101988360","https://openalex.org/W2037882242","https://openalex.org/W2356226024","https://openalex.org/W2363202566","https://openalex.org/W2105595376","https://openalex.org/W2389444273","https://openalex.org/W2358597277","https://openalex.org/W2015959818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,50,201],"recent":[2],"increase":[3,93],"in":[4,27,85],"the":[5,12,16,21,36,48,61,94,122,137,162,166,171,185,198,209,214,219],"road":[6,17,192,221],"transportation":[7,18,193,222],"necessitates":[8],"scheduling":[9,37],"to":[10,34,46,92,120,147,161],"reduce":[11],"adverse":[13],"impacts":[14],"of":[15,23,57,63,165,170,177,182,187,189,208,216,218],"and":[19,38,103,118,132,156,179],"evaluate":[20],"effectiveness":[22],"previous":[24,42],"actions":[25],"taken":[26],"this":[28,111],"context.":[29],"However,":[30],"it":[31],"is":[32,116],"impossible":[33],"undertake":[35],"evaluation":[39],"tasks":[40],"unless":[41],"information":[43],"are":[44,90,140],"available":[45],"predict":[47],"future.":[49],"grey":[51,77,126],"model":[52],"requires":[53],"a":[54,114,175,180,190],"limited":[55],"volume":[56],"data":[58,74,97],"for":[59,212],"estimating":[60],"behavior":[62],"an":[64],"unknown":[65],"system.":[66,223],"It":[67],"provides":[68],"high-accuracy":[69],"predictions":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72],"few":[73],"points.":[75],"Various":[76],"prediction":[78],"models":[79,211],"have":[80],"been":[81],"proposed":[82,117,167,199,210],"so":[83],"far,":[84],"which":[86],"three":[87],"different":[88],"approaches":[89],"followed":[91],"accuracy:":[95],"(1)":[96],"preprocessing,":[98],"(2)":[99],"improved":[100,173],"equation":[101],"models,":[102,127,151,168],"(3)":[104],"error":[105,108],"improvement":[106],"or":[107],"balancing.":[109],"In":[110],"paper,":[112],"firstly,":[113],"theorem":[115],"proved":[119],"recognize":[121],"parameters":[123,139],"affecting":[124],"two":[125,149],"namely":[128,152],"GM":[129],"(1,":[130,134,154,158],"1)":[131,155],"FGM":[133],"1).":[135,159],"Then,":[136],"effective":[138],"adjusted":[141,150],"through":[142],"particle":[143],"swarm":[144],"optimization":[145],"(PSO)":[146],"formulate":[148],"IGM":[153],"IFGM":[157],"According":[160],"simulation":[163],"results":[164,202],"accuracy":[169,205],"modeling":[172],"by":[174],"minimum":[176],"14.24%":[178],"maximum":[181],"82.39%.":[183],"Finally,":[184],"number":[186,215],"users":[188,217],"public":[191,220],"system":[194],"was":[195],"predicted":[196],"using":[197],"models.":[200],"showed":[203],"enhanced":[204],"(by":[206],"7.7%)":[207],"predicting":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-19T00:03:45.406941","created_date":"2020-07-16T00:00:00"}