{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040484666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034","title":"Validating the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) for applications in northern Europe: Ground magnetic perturbation validation","display_name":"Validating the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) for applications in northern Europe: Ground magnetic perturbation validation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040484666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034","mag":"3040484666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/swsc/2020034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034","pdf_url":"https://www.swsc-journal.org/articles/swsc/pdf/2020/01/swsc200011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502983579","display_name":"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate","issn_l":"2115-7251","issn":["2115-7251"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320967","host_organization_name":"EDP Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320967","https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Open","EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.swsc-journal.org/articles/swsc/pdf/2020/01/swsc200011.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089342712","display_name":"Norah Kaggwa Kwagala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-8084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-8084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norah Kaggwa Kwagala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-8084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040102378","display_name":"M. Hesse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-9673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-9673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290463931","display_name":"Southwest Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03tghng59","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290463931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hesse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, 78238 TX, USA","Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, 78238 TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290463931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054931349","display_name":"T. Moretto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Therese Moretto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044577239","display_name":"P. Tenfjord","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-6407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-6407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Tenfjord","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-6407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071541657","display_name":"Cecilia Norgren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-2337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-2337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Norgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-2337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084177099","display_name":"G. T\u00f3th","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-2100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-2100","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5654-9823","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-2805","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-7255"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabor T\u00f3th","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate and Space, Center for Space Environment Modeling, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate and Space, Center for Space Environment Modeling, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053795386","display_name":"T. I. Gombosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-4951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-4951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamas Gombosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate and Space, Center for Space Environment Modeling, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-4951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate and Space, Center for Space Environment Modeling, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074490815","display_name":"H\u00e5kon Midthun Kolst\u00f8","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9298-9826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9298-9826"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00e5kon M. Kolst\u00f8","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9298-9826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039219295","display_name":"Susanne Fl\u00f8 Spinnangr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-9735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-9735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanne F. Spinnangr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-9735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Plasma Physics Group, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1713},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1713},"fwci":2.5598,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88410596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"33","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11786","display_name":"Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-weather-modeling-framework","display_name":"Space Weather Modeling Framework","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetically-induced-currents","display_name":"geomagnetically induced currents","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetic-storms","display_name":"geomagnetic storms","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-europe","display_name":"Northern Europe","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inner-magnetosphere","display_name":"inner magnetosphere","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionospheric-electrodynamics","display_name":"ionospheric electrodynamics","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bats-r-us","display_name":"BATS-R-US","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-validation","display_name":"model validation","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-probability","display_name":"detection probability","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heidke-skill-score","display_name":"Heidke skill score","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-bias","display_name":"frequency bias","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-latitude-dependence","display_name":"magnetic latitude dependence","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151325931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584093","display_name":"Space weather","level":2,"score":0.7107976675033569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130443932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6915","display_name":"Magnetosphere","level":3,"score":0.6266906261444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5644412636756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.5538573861122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170641098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130011","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","level":4,"score":0.5203218460083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153946474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333921","display_name":"Magnetometer","level":3,"score":0.5045486688613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41479618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3883775","display_name":"Local time","level":2,"score":0.46834179759025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776718089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535441","display_name":"Geomagnetic latitude","level":4,"score":0.4618889391422272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199635899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500960","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","level":3,"score":0.45703187584877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.4361559748649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.39423489570617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29459989070892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2436714470386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.17878374457359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1051/swsc/2020034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034","pdf_url":"https://www.swsc-journal.org/articles/swsc/pdf/2020/01/swsc200011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502983579","display_name":"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate","issn_l":"2115-7251","issn":["2115-7251"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320967","host_organization_name":"EDP Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320967","https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Open","EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1051/swsc/2020034","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.swsc-journal.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034/pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.swsc-journal.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400744","display_name":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","host_organization_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bora.uib.no:11250/2766192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2766192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"33","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ec41b220934498cb16e5adf7fbec43b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ec41b220934498cb16e5adf7fbec43b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, Vol 10, p 33 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3176621908","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019AGUFMSM13F3373K/abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306501062","display_name":"AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/swsc/2020034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020034","pdf_url":"https://www.swsc-journal.org/articles/swsc/pdf/2020/01/swsc200011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502983579","display_name":"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate","issn_l":"2115-7251","issn":["2115-7251"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320967","host_organization_name":"EDP Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320967","https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Open","EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6003005538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4000124903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8190658163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F10.7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309820","display_name":"Universitetet i Troms\u00f8","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321897","display_name":"Sveriges Geologiska Unders\u00f6kning","ror":"https://ror.org/050rtva22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323153","display_name":"Danmarks Tekniske Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323692","display_name":"Oulun Yliopisto","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335584","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3040484666.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3040484666.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562414269","https://openalex.org/W1563616321","https://openalex.org/W1601649331","https://openalex.org/W1602730794","https://openalex.org/W1606018573","https://openalex.org/W1668598942","https://openalex.org/W1784620720","https://openalex.org/W1900876549","https://openalex.org/W1939459152","https://openalex.org/W1964419747","https://openalex.org/W1967828882","https://openalex.org/W2013406721","https://openalex.org/W2015144575","https://openalex.org/W2026700540","https://openalex.org/W2026966544","https://openalex.org/W2032169078","https://openalex.org/W2057341345","https://openalex.org/W2061145234","https://openalex.org/W2062994677","https://openalex.org/W2074472518","https://openalex.org/W2078441523","https://openalex.org/W2091539461","https://openalex.org/W2125064741","https://openalex.org/W2139019018","https://openalex.org/W2151188793","https://openalex.org/W2159308750","https://openalex.org/W2163926844","https://openalex.org/W2560522904","https://openalex.org/W2765877021","https://openalex.org/W2888567594","https://openalex.org/W2897904099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176621908","https://openalex.org/W3084181473","https://openalex.org/W1601649331","https://openalex.org/W4229456252","https://openalex.org/W4327736543","https://openalex.org/W1563616321","https://openalex.org/W1591208787","https://openalex.org/W1583723559","https://openalex.org/W4404328641","https://openalex.org/W4381460001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,8,43,47,52,66,70,95,103,110,114,119,124,165,168,172,186,189,197,202,234,255,258,265,271],"performance":[6,83,134,261],"of":[7,10,19,27,112,116,171,204,215,220,273],"University":[9],"Michigan\u2019s":[11],"Space":[12],"Weather":[13],"Modeling":[14],"Framework":[15],"(SWMF)":[16],"in":[17,201,247],"prediction":[18,203,260],"ground":[20,139],"magnetic":[21,147,153],"perturbations":[22,173],"(\u0394B)":[23],"and":[24,69,79,102,123,145,149,224],"their":[25],"rate":[26],"change":[28],"with":[29,211],"time":[30],"(dB/dt),":[31],"which":[32,276],"is":[33,63,75,84,135,267],"directly":[34],"connected":[35],"to":[36,65,237,254],"geomagnetically":[37],"induced":[38],"currents":[39],"(GICs).":[40],"We":[41],"use":[42],"SWMF":[44,166,198],"set-up":[45],"where":[46],"global":[48],"magnetosphere":[49,68],"provided":[50],"by":[51],"Block":[53],"Adaptive":[54],"Tree":[55],"Solar-wind":[56],"Roe-type":[57],"Upwind":[58],"Scheme":[59],"(BATS-R-US)":[60],"MHD":[61],"code,":[62],"coupled":[64],"inner":[67],"ionospheric":[71],"electrodynamics.":[72],"The":[73,82,133],"validation":[74],"done":[76],"for":[77,129,137,185,206,270],"\u0394B":[78],"dB/dt":[80,131,205,259],"separately.":[81],"evaluated":[85,136],"via":[86],"data-model":[87],"comparison":[88],"through":[89],"a":[90,207,212,231],"metrics-based":[91],"approach.":[92],"For":[93,108],"\u0394B,":[94],"normalized":[96],"root":[97],"mean":[98],"square":[99],"error":[100],"(nRMS)":[101],"correlation":[104],"coefficient":[105],"are":[106,127,159,244],"used.":[107],"dB/dt,":[109],"probability":[111,115,214,219,272],"detection,":[113,118,275],"false":[117,221,274],"Heidke":[120,225],"skill":[121,226],"score,":[122],"frequency":[125],"bias":[126,250],"used":[128],"different":[130],"thresholds.":[132],"eleven":[138],"magnetometer":[140],"stations":[141],"located":[142],"between":[143],"59\u00b0":[144],"85\u00b0":[146],"latitude":[148],"spanning":[150],"about":[151],"five":[152],"local":[154],"times.":[155],"Eight":[156],"geomagnetic":[157],"storms":[158],"studied.":[160],"Our":[161],"results":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164],"predicts":[167],"northward":[169],"component":[170],"better":[174,192],"at":[175,180,193],"lower":[176],"latitudes":[177,182],"(59\u00b0\u201367\u00b0)":[178],"than":[179],"higher":[181],"(>67\u00b0),":[183],"whereas":[184],"eastward":[187],"component,":[188],"model":[190,235],"performs":[191,199],"high":[194,213],"latitudes.":[195],"Generally,":[196],"well":[200],"0.3":[208],"nT/s":[209],"threshold,":[210],"detection":[216,222],"\u22480.8,":[217],"low":[218],"(<0.4),":[223],"score":[227],"above":[228],"zero.":[229],"To":[230],"large":[232],"extent":[233],"tends":[236],"predict":[238],"events":[239],"as":[240,242,264],"often":[241],"they":[243],"actually":[245],"occurring":[246],"nature":[248],"(frequency":[249],"1).":[251],"With":[252],"respect":[253],"metrics":[256],"measures,":[257],"generally":[262],"decreases":[263],"threshold":[266],"raised,":[268],"except":[269],"improves.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2020-07-10T00:00:00"}
