{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039933367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","title":"Higher Education Policy & Research in Pakistan: Challenges in Transformation of the Society and the Way Forward","display_name":"Higher Education Policy & Research in Pakistan: Challenges in Transformation of the Society and the Way Forward","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039933367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","mag":"3039933367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","pdf_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20200630/UJER11-19515677.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764394011","display_name":"Universal Journal of Educational Research","issn_l":"2332-3205","issn":["2332-3205","2332-3213"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324001558","host_organization_name":"Horizon Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324001558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Horizon Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Universal Journal of Educational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20200630/UJER11-19515677.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101608270","display_name":"Noor Fatima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8201-0645","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8201-0645","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2258-0100","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8197-5049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor Fatima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Relations and Political Science, International Islamic University, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Relations and Political Science, International Islamic University, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101984230","display_name":"Muhammad Imran Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-1994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-1994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79305253","display_name":"National Defence University","ror":"https://ror.org/045vxh980","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79305253"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79305253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061360298","display_name":"Sania Zehra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sania Zehra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Relations and Political Science, International Islamic University, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Relations and Political Science, International Islamic University, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80859051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"7","first_page":"2842","last_page":"2852"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13789","display_name":"Global Education Systems and Policies","score":0.4392000138759613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13789","display_name":"Global Education Systems and Policies","score":0.4392000138759613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10546","display_name":"Higher Education Governance and Development","score":0.3788999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13406","display_name":"Human Resources and Workforce","score":0.11330000311136246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-policy","display_name":"higher education policy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-reform","display_name":"higher education reform","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-sector-reform","display_name":"education sector reform","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-economy","display_name":"knowledge economy","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-economic-change","display_name":"socio-economic change","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-mismatch","display_name":"labor market mismatch","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-employability","display_name":"graduate employability","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-and-innovation","display_name":"education and innovation","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.46484819054603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3736126720905304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36538946628570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35293975472450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.33585652709007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33264145255088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26805174350738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","pdf_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20200630/UJER11-19515677.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764394011","display_name":"Universal Journal of Educational Research","issn_l":"2332-3205","issn":["2332-3205","2332-3213"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324001558","host_organization_name":"Horizon Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324001558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Horizon Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Universal Journal of Educational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080711","pdf_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20200630/UJER11-19515677.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764394011","display_name":"Universal Journal of Educational Research","issn_l":"2332-3205","issn":["2332-3205","2332-3213"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324001558","host_organization_name":"Horizon Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324001558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Horizon Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Universal Journal of Educational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039933367.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039933367.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1911312999","https://openalex.org/W2284563902","https://openalex.org/W2334497868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3212701460","https://openalex.org/W73661513","https://openalex.org/W2891863578","https://openalex.org/W2598981536","https://openalex.org/W4286982069","https://openalex.org/W7215416272","https://openalex.org/W7215137541","https://openalex.org/W3116915922","https://openalex.org/W2789478402","https://openalex.org/W1977962185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Education":[0,37,118,126,206],"has":[1,77,130],"incomparable":[2],"obligations.":[3],"One":[4],"of":[5,48,128,168,194,201,207,222,227],"the":[6,43,49,95,106,113,117,124,136,146,172,214,228],"key":[7],"purposes":[8],"is":[9,64,141,154,161,196],"to":[10,13,42,45,53,83,100,104,108,112,156,164,179,212],"give":[11],"input":[12,176,217],"national":[14],"growth":[15,181],"and":[16,23,30,60,73,149,203],"labor":[17,151],"market.":[18],"To":[19],"contribute":[20],"in":[21,171,177],"knowledge-based":[22],"knowledge":[24,183,202],"driven":[25],"society,":[26],"higher":[27,96,147,215],"education":[28,97,148,173,216,220],"institutions":[29],"policy":[31],"play":[32,101],"a":[33,80,142,166],"critical":[34],"role.":[35],"Higher":[36,125,205],"System":[38],"provides":[39],"innovative":[40],"skills":[41],"graduates,":[44],"help":[46,105],"transformation":[47,193,226],"society":[50],"from":[51],"backward":[52],"modern":[54],"economy":[55],"through":[56,132,218],"quality":[57],"teaching,":[58],"research":[59],"innovation.":[61],"The":[62],"Pakistan":[63,84,129,195,223],"facing":[65],"multiple":[66],"sectors":[67],"crises":[68],"such":[69],"as":[70],"energy,":[71],"water":[72],"trade":[74],"deficit.":[75],"This":[76,159,209],"thus":[78,188],"posed":[79],"greater":[81],"challenge":[82],"for":[85,135,175],"its":[86,102],"position":[87],"on":[88,182],"international":[89],"economic":[90,114,192],"relations.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"situation":[94],"sector":[98,127,174],"needs":[99],"role":[103],"country":[107],"bring":[109],"it":[110],"back":[111],"trajectory.":[115],"Under":[116],"Sector":[119],"Reform":[120],"under":[121],"different":[122],"Visions,":[123],"gone":[131],"an":[133,162],"overhauling":[134,219],"last":[137],"15":[138],"years.":[139],"There":[140],"protracted":[143],"mismatch":[144],"between":[145],"trained":[150],"force":[152],"which":[153],"detrimental":[155],"socio-economic":[157,225],"transformation.":[158],"paper":[160,210],"attempt":[163],"take":[165],"stock":[167],"these":[169],"reforms":[170],"innovation":[178],"sustain":[180],"based":[184],"economy.":[185],"My":[186],"Hypothesis":[187],"would":[189],"remain":[190],"that":[191],"heavily":[197],"linked":[198],"with":[199],"generation":[200],"therefore":[204],"Pakistan.":[208],"intends":[211],"correlate":[213],"system":[221],"vis-\u00e0-vis":[224],"society.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-07-10T00:00:00"}
